{
  "abstract": "Body mass index (BMI) is associated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in children, but longitudinal evidence regarding BMI changes during early childhood and IGF-1 concentrations at age 6 years remains limited. We examined associations between early childhood BMI z-score changes and serum IGF-1 concentrations at age 6 years in 2757 children from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. BMI z-scores were assessed at ages 2, 4, and 6 years, and serum IGF-1 was measured at age 6 years. Associations of overall BMI z-score change from ages 2 to 6 years and interval-specific changes from ages 2 to 4 and 4 to 6 years with IGF-1 were examined using multivariable linear regression. Longitudinal associations of repeated BMI z-scores with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Overall BMI z-score change from ages 2 to 6 years was positively associated with IGF-1 (B = 18.14 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.34-19.95; P < .001). When interval-specific changes were simultaneously modeled, changes from ages 2 to 4 years (B = 11.43; 95% CI, 8.82-14.15) and 4 to 6 years (B = 21.24; 95% CI, 18.94-23.54) were both associated with IGF-1 (both P < .001). Associations with TSH and FT4 were weaker and inconsistent, while the age-dependent association with 25(OH)D was attenuated after adjustment for season of blood collection. These findings suggest that changes in body size during early childhood are associated with variation in serum IGF-1 concentrations at school age.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Fukushima Regional Centre for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.",
    "Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.",
    "Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.",
    "Department of Perinatology and Pediatrics for Regional Medical Support, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hideyuki Nakatsu",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-3124-5039"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Koichi Hashimoto",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7186-7603"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Toshie Nishigori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hisao Okabe",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2416-3288"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuka Ogata"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Takahiro Nozaki",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-0184-6791"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Takahiro Omoto",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4058-1711"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hidekazu Kuraya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Seiji Yasumura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4715-2840"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hidekazu Nishigori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Keiya Fujimori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mitsuaki Hosoya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hayato Go"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9enz254y5mw3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1210/jendso/bvag240",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13712127",
  "id": "a9enz254y5mw3",
  "issns": [
    "2472-1972"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948657",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
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  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
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      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00250"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
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      "2712|Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors"
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13712127?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13712127",
  "pmid": "42948657",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "The Endocrine Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9enz254y5mw3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Early childhood changes in BMI z-score and serum IGF-1 levels at age 6 years: the Japan environment and children study.",
  "title_text": "Early childhood changes in BMI z-score and serum IGF-1 levels at age 6 years: the Japan environment and children study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9enz254y5mw3",
  "venue": "Journal of the Endocrine Society",
  "versions": []
}