{
  "abstract": "Hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) is a clinically important complication among critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine HAPI frequency and factors associated with pressure injury stage among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of patients aged >16 years admitted to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from early 2020 to the end of June 2021. Patients with pressure injury or other wounds present at admission or acquired outside the hospital were excluded. Of 652 ICU admissions, 215 patients developed pressure injury (33.0%), while 437 had no documented pressure injury. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared across the four injury stages using chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Stage II was the most common (47.4%), followed by Stage I (46.5%), Stage III (5.1%), and Stage IV (0.9%); the sacral region was the most frequent site (62.8%). Injury stage was significantly associated with hospital length of stay (P<0.001), hemoglobin (P=0.003), albumin (P<0.001), level of consciousness (P=0.003), and mobility status (P=0.042). These findings indicate associations between selected clinical characteristics and injury stage among patients who developed HAPI and should not be interpreted as causal relationships or independent predictors of HAPI occurrence.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran",
    "Reproductive Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran",
    "Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran",
    "Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Haghighi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Siamak Rimaz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Parissa Bagheri Toolaroud"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Roshanparvar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Latif Panahi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Somaye Pouy",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3307-7840"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9pc6v3bppp8n.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.66224/ijbwr.2.3.74",
  "fulltext_url": "https://iranjburns.com/index.php/IJBWR/article/view/74",
  "id": "a9pc6v3bppp8n",
  "issns": [
    "3060-8414"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.66224/ijbwr.2.3.74",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3609|Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223563002",
  "pdf_url": "https://iranjburns.com/index.php/IJBWR/article/download/74/96",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Caspian Medical Futurology",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9pc6v3bppp8n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:32Z",
      "native_id": "a69c148e69274569831b458cf9a3792a",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.66224/ijbwr.2.3.74"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Hospital-acquired pressure injury among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit: Frequency and factors associated with injury stage",
  "title_text": "Hospital-acquired pressure injury among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit: Frequency and factors associated with injury stage",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9pc6v3bppp8n",
  "venue": "Iranian Journal of Burns and Wound Research",
  "versions": []
}