{
  "abstract": "BackgroundThe novel immune checkpoint human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a promising candidate target for solid cancer immunotherapy. However, knowledge gaps on the clinical relevance of diverse HLA-G isoforms remain.MethodsIn this study, with the successful generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HLA-G2/6 and HLA-G1/4/5 isoforms, the immunoreactivity scores (IRS) of both HLA-G2/6 and HLA-G1/4/5 expression (n = 304) were retrospectively analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The significance of the IRS status of HLA-G2/6 and HLA-G1/4/5 related to the clinical variables (n = 304) and prognosis (n = 251) of patients with EOC was evaluated.ResultsThe IRS of HLA-G2/6neg (n = 7), HLA-G2/6low (n = 105), and HLA-G2/6high (n = 192) and those of HLA-G1/4/5neg (n = 12), HLA-G1/4/5low (n = 48), and HLA-G1/4/5high (n = 244), respectively. Both HLA-G2/6high (p = 0.029) and HLA-G1/4/5high (p = 0.016) were the most frequently expressed in other EOC types, followed by the serous and mucinous subtypes. HLA-G2/6high was remarkably found in patients with advanced pN1 (p < 0.001), while HLA-G1/4/5high in patients with advanced pT3 (p = 0.024). The log-rank Mantel–Cox analysis showed that HLA-G2/6high was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HLA-G2/6neg/low = 10.0 years vs. HLA-G2/6high = 6.25years; p = 0.036). Furthermore, patients with HLA-G2/6high had worse prognosis for those who are elder (>53 years, p = 0.049) and with the serous subtype (p = 0.028). However, HLA-G2/6 expression was not an independent prognostic risk factor for this EOC cohort.ConclusionsOur findings revealed, for the first time, that HLA-G2/6 rather than HLA-G1/4/5 isoform expression is associated with poorer survival in patients with EOC.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xia Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qiu-Yue Han"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bing-Ke Dai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jian-Gang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wei-Hua Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aifen Lin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ad6t7dvxan4r9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ad6t7dvxan4r9",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ad6t7dvxan4r9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:20:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943243/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Human leukocyte antigen-G isoforms HLA-G2/6, rather than HLA-G1/4/5, are associated with poorer survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer",
  "title_text": "Human leukocyte antigen-G isoforms HLA-G2/6, rather than HLA-G1/4/5, are associated with poorer survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ad6t7dvxan4r9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}