{
  "abstract": "Background: Torpedo maculopathy is an uncommon, usually asymptomatic chorioretinal lesion temporal to the fovea. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) distinguishes a non-cavitary type 1 from a cavitary type 2 phenotype, but choriocapillaris involvement in these phenotypes remains incompletely defined. This report describes the choriocapillaris findings in one patient with each phenotype. Methods: Two women with unilateral torpedo maculopathy, aged 18 (type 1) and 52 years (type 2), underwent multicolor imaging, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain OCT, and OCT angiography, which were assessed qualitatively. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes of each patient. Both lesions showed outer-retinal changes and topographic correspondence between fundus autofluorescence abnormalities and choriocapillaris flow-signal attenuation. In the type 1 lesion, the inner retinal layers were preserved without cavitation, and choriocapillaris attenuation was focal and relatively homogeneous. The type 2 lesion showed subretinal cavitation (subretinal cleft), focal attenuation of the retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch membrane complex, and a choriocapillaris flow deficit that appeared more extensive within the imaged region. Conclusions: These observations suggest involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium–choriocapillaris unit in both phenotypes. As they derive from one patient per phenotype at a single time point, they cannot be extended to the two subtypes; longitudinal imaging is required to define the temporal relationship between outer-retinal and choriocapillaris changes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gilda Cennamo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4253-1929"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Michele Rinaldi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fabiana Iorio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Davide Tramontano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Erica Caporale"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ciro Costagliola",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8477-6188"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aeen4hwvmsbqy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218467",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "aeen4hwvmsbqy",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8467",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aeen4hwvmsbqy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:21:07Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218467",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8467"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Choriocapillaris Alterations in Type 1 and Type 2 Torpedo Maculopathy: A Multimodal Imaging Case Series",
  "title_text": "Choriocapillaris Alterations in Type 1 and Type 2 Torpedo Maculopathy: A Multimodal Imaging Case Series",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T00:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aeen4hwvmsbqy",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}