{
  "abstract": "Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) and metal(loid)s frequently co-occur in rice agroecosystems, where legacy metal(loid) contamination and continuing plastic inputs may jointly threaten soil quality and rice safety. Co-exposure complicates risk assessment because rice responses cannot always be predicted from MNP-only or metal(loid)-only treatments. To address this, the review integrates mechanistic findings into a mixture- and context-dependent synthesis linking MNP traits and metal(loid) identity/speciation to soil–rhizosphere processes, plant uptake/partitioning, and grain food-safety outcomes. Metal(loid) exposure can disrupt growth by altering metal(loid) uptake, nutrient homeostasis, and redox regulation, whereas MNPs can modify root development, soil–root interfacial processes, and microbially mediated metal(loid) cycling. Consequently, co-exposure may generate responses with directions and magnitudes that depend on metal(loid) speciation, bioavailability, tissue partitioning, and plant performance, varying with metal(loid) identity, MNP properties, exposure dose, and environmental conditions. This review synthesizes current evidence on soil and rhizosphere processes, root uptake and internal transport, plant responses, and grain food-safety implications, with emphasis on Cd, inorganic As, Hg/MeHg, and Pb. It further identifies key evidence gaps, particularly the limited mature-grain and field-based evidence, and proposes integrated management strategies that reduce metal(loid) bioavailability and concentrations in mature rice grain, while avoiding increased MNP burdens, yield penalties, or deterioration in grain quality.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University",
    "Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University",
    "Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tiansheng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenjia Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Munan Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuran Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuxiang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zunqi Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aen5shjbzdxk0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13728495/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "aen5shjbzdxk0",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Mini Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2310|Microplastics and Plastic Pollution"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223013804",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13728495",
  "pmid": "42979130",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aen5shjbzdxk0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:46Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13728495",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13728495"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:21:29Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13728495",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1963280"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2310|Microplastics and Plastic Pollution",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Micro/nanoplastics–metal(loid) co-exposure in rice: evidence, mechanisms, and food-safety implications",
  "title_text": "Micro/nanoplastics–metal(loid) co-exposure in rice: evidence, mechanisms, and food-safety implications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:21:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aen5shjbzdxk0",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}