{
  "abstract": "Background: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for dementia, yet the specific neuroprotective benefits of different antihypertensive drug classes remain unclear. This longitudinal population-based cohort study evaluated the association between various antihypertensive agents, used as monotherapy or combination therapy, and the risk of cognitive impairment.\n\nMethods: The present work is a retrospective cohort study based on electronic health records (EHR) provided by the Consellería de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública (Valencian Regional Health Authority, Spain) from two different hospitals in Valencia: Arnau de Villanova and Hospital La Fe. The study included 28057 individuals aged ≥ 65 years receiving antihypertensive therapy. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates, and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed to estimate time-to-event outcomes and hazard ratios for cognitive impairment.\n\nResults: Loop diuretics and the combination of ARBs with beta-blockers, were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Conversely, selective beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were associated with an increased probability of impairment.\n\nConclusion: Antihypertensive classes display divergent neuroprotective profiles. Loop diuretics, ARBs, and ARB–beta-blocker combinations appear protective, whereas ACE inhibitors and beta-blocker monotherapy show less favorable cognitive outcomes, highlighting the need for tailored pharmacological selection in aging populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research Group in Alzheimer Disease. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe",
    "Cathedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universitites",
    "Research Group in Neuroinmunology. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities",
    "Department of Mathematics, Physics and Technology, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mar Garcia-Zamora"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Gemma García-Lluch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lucrecia Moreno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Juan Pardo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Consuelo Cháfer-Pericas"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aewsnrn388mh5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731390/",
  "id": "aewsnrn388mh5",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223159131",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731390",
  "pmid": "42985143",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aewsnrn388mh5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731390",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954416"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of ARBs plus beta-blockers and other antihypertensives on cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study",
  "title_text": "Impact of ARBs plus beta-blockers and other antihypertensives on cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aewsnrn388mh5",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}