{
  "abstract": "SUMMARY: Acute hyperkalaemia is a medical emergency requiring rapid clinical evaluation. Point-of-care blood gas analysis may overestimate serum potassium concentration and should be confirmed with a laboratory sample unless urgent treatment is required.\n\nWhen ECG (electrocardiogram) changes are present, immediate cardiac protection is a priority. Current guidelines recommend administering intravenous 10% calcium gluconate to restore cardiac conduction velocity.\n\nIntravenous insulin rapidly shifts potassium into cells. It is given with intravenous dextrose to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. A reduced insulin dose can be considered in patients with significant kidney dysfunction.\n\nSalbutamol shifts potassium into cells and has a synergistic effect with insulin. Nebulised salbutamol administration offers similar efficacy to intravenous delivery with fewer adverse effects.\n\nThe routine use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate or oral potassium binders is not recommended for immediate lowering of serum potassium in acute hyperkalaemia. Sodium bicarbonate should be reserved as an adjunctive treatment for patients with concurrent metabolic acidosis.\n\nPost-acute care focuses on addressing reversible triggers and, once hyperkalaemia resolves, restarting important drugs that can increase potassium concentrations, if their benefit outweighs the risk (e.g. renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital",
    "The University of Queensland, Brisbane"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Samuel Ford",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2684-6760"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anna Zipf",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8074-9269"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Julian Williams",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8366-7307"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af0r4st5nxfej.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.18773/austprescr.2026.040",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696857/",
  "id": "af0r4st5nxfej",
  "issns": [
    "0312-8008",
    "1839-3942"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2026.040",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Potassium and Related Disorders"
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  "openalex": "W7219645117",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696857?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696857",
  "pmid": "42935704",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af0r4st5nxfej.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13696857",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2026.040"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42935704",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42935704"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Potassium and Related Disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Management of acute hyperkalaemia: evidence, practice and pitfalls",
  "title_text": "Management of acute hyperkalaemia: evidence, practice and pitfalls",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af0r4st5nxfej",
  "venue": "Australian Prescriber",
  "versions": []
}