{
  "abstract": "Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in India, contributing to one-fourth of global burden of TB disease. Comorbidities in uninfected individuals make them vulnerable to TB disease. This study estimates the self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected vulnerability factors (HIV, current smoking, silicosis, occupational silica-dust exposure, diabetes mellitus and persistent cough >2 weeks) among the rural demography of six districts in India, with the aim of informing targeted active case finding under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP). Methods: The study conducted was a community-based cross-sectional survey carried out across six districts of India. Two blocks from each district was selected randomly followed by randomly selected villages under each block. A universal sampling technique was followed for including all the households of the randomly selected villages. The data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire schedule via face-to-face interviews at all the eligible households of the study sites. Descriptive analysis was performed, and the results were obtained in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: The ultimate data consisted of 82,636 individuals, with males at 52% and females at 47%. 77% of the study population were 15 years of age or older. This study analyzes a large dataset. The TB prevalence was around 150 per lakh of the population, while the prevalence of HIV-reactive individuals, current smokers, silicosis, occupational exposure to silica dust, diabetes mellitus and cough of greater than two weeks is found in 0.9%, 5%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 1.4% and 4% respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The study highlights TB status and selected TB-vulnerable groups. The study has a large sample size, and it follows multipronged approach to study selected vulnerable population groups. This data may improve targeted active case finding among the high-risk groups as outlined by NTEP and provide better TB control strategy outcome at high TB burden settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "ICMR – National Institute of Health Research, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India",
    "Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India",
    "Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India",
    "ICMR – National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India",
    "ICMR – Rajendra Memorial Research Institute on Medical Sciences, Patna, India",
    "King George Medical University, Lucknow, India",
    "AIIMS, Bhopal, India",
    "Government Medical College, Ratlam, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "P K Anand"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manjula Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Purbita Banerjee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Seema Sahay"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sampada Bangar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Braj Raj Ghosh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Manjeet Singh Chalga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Anurag Pappu"
    },
    {
      "name": "VNR Das"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sarika Gupta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amber Kumar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dhruvendra Pandey"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af9xqtcqr4r82.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360758",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "af9xqtcqr4r82",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360758",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological processes/Coughing"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Coughing"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Endocrinology/Endocrine disorders/Diabetes mellitus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/HIV epidemiology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Bacterial diseases/Tuberculosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Metabolic disorders/Diabetes mellitus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Tropical diseases/Tuberculosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pulmonology/Environmental and occupational lung diseases/Pneumoconioses/Silicosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/India"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222706822",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360758&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af9xqtcqr4r82.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360758",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360758"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:endocrinology",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:epidemiology",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  "title": "Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected associated vulnerability factors among rural populations in six districts of India: A community-based cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected associated vulnerability factors among rural populations in six districts of India: A community-based cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/af9xqtcqr4r82",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}