{
  "abstract": "The current investigation introduces single‐cell physiologically based pharmacokinetic (scPBPK) models to gain insight into drug disposition at the cellular scale. The transition from standard PBPK (sPBPK) models to scPBPK models required depiction of expression‐dependent (ED) processes, such as drug metabolism or membrane transport. ED processes utilize weighting functions—a defined or data‐driven distribution—that yield heterogeneity in individual cell kinetics. Two scPBPK model examples are provided, one involving a drug (AZD1775) subject to three ED blood–brain barrier transport processes, and another drug (midazolam) with a single ED process of metabolism by hepatocytes. For both examples, the weighting function for each ED process was defined by a negative binomial distribution that is often used in scRNAseq analytics. The AZD1775 model simulations indicated a large degree of single‐cell drug concentration heterogeneity, whereas those for midazolam did not due to high membrane transport relative to metabolism. scPBPK models offer a means to probe cellular pharmacokinetics compatible with modern omic technologies and may be extended to pharmacodynamic models.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Buffalo New York USA",
    "Department of Systems Biology Columbia University New York New York USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anshul Saini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7833-3900"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "James M. Gallo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1553-4817"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afh5k3696at1c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/psp4.70320",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733381/",
  "id": "afh5k3696at1c",
  "issns": [
    "2163-8306"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.70320",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3004|Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7135040157",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13733381",
  "pmid": "42625210",
  "published": "2026-08-20",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afh5k3696at1c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:10Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13733381",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.70320"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3004|Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Introduction to Single‐Cell Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic (scPBPK) Models",
  "title_text": "Introduction to Single‐Cell Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic (scPBPK) Models",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afh5k3696at1c",
  "venue": "CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}