{
  "abstract": "We study the electromagnetic radiation and wave-optical imaging of an oscillating electric dipole orbiting a Kerr black hole. We derive the effective 4-current associated with a pointlike oscillating electric dipole in curved spacetime, and use black hole perturbation theory to compute the resulting radiation field at future null infinity, from first principles. We then develop a wave-optical imaging framework for a moving electromagnetic source in curved spacetime. We obtain images of an orbiting electric dipole, displaying relativistic beaming, gravitational lensing, and Einstein rings. We study polarization-dependent scattering by comparing the images produced by spinning dipoles with opposite helicities, finding a displacement that roughly decreases with the inverse of the radiation frequency, as expected for a beyond-geometric-optics effect. Our results provide a first-principles benchmark for beyond-geometric-optics descriptions of electromagnetic radiation in Kerr spacetime.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.10689",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Filipe Nazaré"
    },
    {
      "name": "João S. Santos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vitor Cardoso"
    },
    {
      "name": "José Natário"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afypnc7zz9mg1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.10689",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "afypnc7zz9mg1",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10689",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.class-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212324906",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.10689",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afypnc7zz9mg1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:26Z",
      "native_id": "2609.10689",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10689"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wave optical imaging of an oscillating electric dipole orbiting a black hole",
  "title_text": "Wave optical imaging of an oscillating electric dipole orbiting a black hole",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/afypnc7zz9mg1",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}