{
  "abstract": "Manilkara zapota (M. zapota), commonly known as sapodilla, is a tropical fruit recognized for its nutritional value and diverse phytochemical composition. This review critically summarizes recent evidence (2013–2026) regarding the phytochemistry, biological activities, safety profile, and food industry relevance of M. zapota, using literature retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Different parts of the plant, including its fruits, leaves, seeds, and bark, contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, catechin, myricetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, and glycosides. Experimental studies have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, glucose homeostasis, and antiproliferative activities associated with these phytochemicals. Mechanistically, M. zapota extracts have been reported to modulate oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, apoptotic pathways, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes in in vitro and animal studies. Available toxicological evidence suggests that certain extracts were well tolerated under specific experimental conditions; however, further standardized safety assessments and clinical investigations remain necessary. In addition to its pharmacological relevance, M. zapota has potential applications in functional foods and food processing industries, including jams, jellies, spreads, fruit bars, beverages, and nutraceutical formulations. Overall, M. zapota represents a promising underutilized plant with potential relevance for food, nutraceutical, and future biomedical applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan",
    "Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia",
    "College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise City 533000, China",
    "Multan College of Nutritional Sciences, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan 60000, Pakistan"
  ],
  "article_type": "review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ayesha Siddiqa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4575-444X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Adnan Amjad",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5288-8038"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6657-7337"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zafarullah Muhammad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shehnshah Zafar",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-1267-982X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Khurram Afzal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8402-3546"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Maaz",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-2254-4256"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Israr",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1070-9633"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Syeda Khimar Zahra Kazmi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Naveed Ahmad",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3600-0291"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Asad Abbas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7154-3411"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ag442g0qhcf3x.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.3390/foods15111968",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ag442g0qhcf3x",
  "issns": [
    "2304-8158"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15111968",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Medicinal Plant Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163190763",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13257147",
  "pmid": "42279754",
  "published": "2026-06-02",
  "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ag442g0qhcf3x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:50Z",
      "native_id": "W7163190763",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15111968"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Medicinal Plant Research",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Manilkara zapota: From Phytochemistry to Therapeutics, and Relevance to Food Industries",
  "title_text": "Manilkara zapota: From Phytochemistry to Therapeutics, and Relevance to Food Industries",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ag442g0qhcf3x",
  "venue": "Foods",
  "versions": []
}