{
  "abstract": "Objectives: Dental calculus formation can be inhibited by toothpastes containing pyrophosphate, which chelates calcium ions and prevents hydroxyapatite crystal formation. Although pyrophosphate may also influence salivary calcium availability, the short-term effects of commercially available toothpaste formulations on salivary calcium concentrations remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated and compared the short-term effects of three fluoride toothpastes on salivary calcium concentration. Methods: A randomized, three-treatment, three-period crossover trial was conducted in 48 healthy volunteers. The participants used three commercially available sodium fluoride toothpastes in randomized order: a formulation containing methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, PVM/MA copolymer (Sensodyne), a formulation containing pyrophosphate and zinc (Dentalux), and a formulation containing sodium bicarbonate (Parodontax). Treatment periods were separated by a 2-day washout. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline (T0), immediately after brushing (T1), 30 min (T2), and 60 min (T3). Salivary calcium concentrations were quantified using a colorimetric assay. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models with toothpaste formulation, measurement time, treatment sequence, and the toothpaste-by-time interaction as fixed effects and participant as a random effect. Results: Significant effects were observed for toothpaste formulation (F(2,103.35)=42.31, P < 0.001), measurement time (F(3,141)=39.78, P < 0.001), and the toothpaste-by-time interaction (F(6,141)=23.91, P < 0.001), whereas treatment sequence had no significant effect (P = 0.927). Compared with Dentalux® and Sensodyne®, Parodontax® resulted in significantly lower salivary calcium concentrations (both Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001), immediately after brushing (T1). The differences decreased after 30 min and were no longer significant after 60 min. No significant differences were observed between Dentalux® and Sensodyne® at any time point. Conclusions: Commercially available fluoride toothpastes produced different short-term effects on the salivary calcium concentration, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after brushing. Because the products differed in terms of multiple formulation ingredients, the findings reflect product-level effects rather than ingredient-specific effects. Further multicentre studies are warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate their clinical relevance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Chair of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany",
    "Division of Functional Genomics, Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lina Aminy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mozhgan Bizhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudia Klinger"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stefan Zimmer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andreas Savelsbergh"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agd52v751hy6h.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358715",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "agd52v751hy6h",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358715",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3506|Dental Health and Care Utilization"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Saliva"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Body fluids/Saliva"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Measurement/Time measurement"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Saliva"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Bacterial diseases/Caries"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Fluorides"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Polymer chemistry/Macromolecules/Polymers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Polymer chemistry/Polymers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials/Polymers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Probability theory/Random variables/Covariance"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Continuum mechanics/Fluid mechanics/Fluid dynamics/Flow rate"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Bioassays and physiological analysis/Biochemical analysis/Colorimetric assays"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213451450",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358715&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-17",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agd52v751hy6h.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358715",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358715"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "plos:polymer chemistry",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Short-term effects of different toothpaste formulations on total salivary calcium: A randomized crossover study",
  "title_text": "Short-term effects of different toothpaste formulations on total salivary calcium: A randomized crossover study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agd52v751hy6h",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}