{
  "abstract": "Enteric methane (CH4) is both an energy loss from ruminants and an important emission from livestock production. Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) can modify rumen fermentation, but their effects on methane are inconsistent. This narrative review evaluates administered microbial interventions rather than naturally occurring taxa associated with low-methane phenotypes. A focused literature update prioritized in vivo studies that directly measured methane production, yield, or intensity. Animal evidence remains mixed. Propionibacterium-based DFMs, lactic acid bacteria, and conventional Saccharomyces cerevisiae products often show no change in daily methane, although strain- and diet-specific responses occur. Bacillus studies report both modest reductions and null responses. Recent approaches are more encouraging: a methanotroph-methylotroph consortium reduced daily methane by 12.0% to 14.4% in Hanwoo steers, and a rumen-derived Pichia membranifaciens strain reduced methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cows at the higher tested dose. These findings are promising but still require independent and longer-term confirmation. Mechanistically, DFMs should not be described as eliminating ruminal H2 production. A more defensible target is redirection of reducing equivalents and H2/formate flux toward competing pathways, together with rumen stabilization or specific microbial antagonism. We therefore propose a function-first, evidence-tiered framework for DFM development. Farm-scale claims should require persistent changes in methane production, yield, or intensity without loss of intake, digestibility, health, or productivity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Md Al-Amin Sarker",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5072-9166"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rayhan Ahmmed Pranto",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-5459-9695"
    },
    {
      "name": "Debasree Saha",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-8854-0401"
    },
    {
      "name": "Moin Uddin",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-9913-3899"
    },
    {
      "name": "Khatun-A-Jannat Esha",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-5438-4604"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sabrina Zaman Seema",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-6544-7018"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazi Md Al-Noman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2001-6232"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mueena Jahan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1224-9615"
    },
    {
      "name": "Md Morshedur Rahman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6474-8902"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agde6s0dnnkeb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/tas/txag170",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730265/",
  "id": "agde6s0dnnkeb",
  "issns": [
    "2573-2102"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txag170",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SCI00960"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1103|Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223447989",
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/tas/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/tas/txag170/72470635/txag170.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13730265",
  "pmid": "42979566",
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agde6s0dnnkeb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:22:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730265",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txag170"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1103|Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Direct-fed microbials for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: a function-first framework for strain selection and farm-scale translation",
  "title_text": "Direct-fed microbials for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: a function-first framework for strain selection and farm-scale translation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:22:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/agde6s0dnnkeb",
  "venue": "Translational Animal Science",
  "versions": []
}