{
  "abstract": "We propose a new method for measuring several characteristics of a fermion-boson medium formed during deep inelastic particle scattering. This method involves measuring the group and phase velocities of the accompanying wave process. The phase and group velocities of a wave process are related by the Rayleigh differential condition. The refractive index of a medium is determined by the phase velocity, while the group velocity characterises the medium's dispersion properties. In the case of deep inelastic $ep$ scattering under consideration, the wave process in an individual event is understood to be the exchange between an electron and a proton of an effective, non-perturbative mediator of interaction (${\\cal B}$) with the quantum numbers of a neutral current. In the first report, we present new data on the group velocity of interaction carriers ${\\cal B}$. We extracted the group velocity modulus values, $U_{_{\\cal B}}^*$, from the HERA collider data using a formula derived from modified Heisenberg uncertainty relations and applying the indirect measurement method. The HERA data demonstrate that in the selected kinematic domain the speed of the mediator ${\\cal B}$ exceeds the speed of light $c$ in free space, $U_{_{\\cal B}}^* > c$. To compare with the obtained data on group velocity, we analyse a simplest model of dispersion relation occurring due to the relativistic relationship between the energy, mass and momentum of a particle, supplemented by de Broglie relations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.27626",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "B. B. Levchenko"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ahhzpr0wq9ma7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.27626",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ahhzpr0wq9ma7",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27626",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214198224",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.27626",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ahhzpr0wq9ma7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
      "native_id": "2609.27626",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27626"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The refractive index of the medium within the volume of deep inelastic $ep$ scattering: I. Group velocity of interaction carriers",
  "title_text": "The refractive index of the medium within the volume of deep inelastic ep scattering: I. Group velocity of interaction carriers",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ahhzpr0wq9ma7",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}