{
  "abstract": "During Crohn's disease (CD), hyperplasia of the mesenteric white adipose tissue (WAT), called creeping fat (CrF), is associated with the accumulation of immune cells. Here we investigated the impact of B cell/adipocyte crosstalk on immune cell recruitment and inflammation within inflammatory bowel disease-related adipose tissue. We used flow cytometry and in vitro 3D culture systems of biopsies from CrF of CD patients as well as a mouse model of intestinal inflammation, in vitro co-cultures, mass spectrometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing to evaluate the impact of B cell/adipocyte interplay on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and macrophage polarization. Employing primary human and mouse 3D adipocyte cultures, we observed that adipocytes from CD patients displayed a persistent inflammatory phenotype even after prolonged time in culture, a cytokine secretion profile also recapitulated via lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Analyzing CrF of CD patients as well as WAT of a mouse model of intestinal inflammation, we found an accumulation of B cells. B cell/adipocyte co-cultures led to elevated secretion of MCP-1 by primary adipocytes, facilitating macrophage migration. Consequently, co-transfer of B cells with T cells increased T cell activation and M2-like macrophage accumulation in inflamed mouse WAT. Mass spectrometry and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses suggested that the B cell/adipocyte crosstalk establishes a microenvironment that may promote M2-like macrophage polarization. B cell/adipocyte interactions in CD-associated inflamed adipose tissue increase MCP-1 and lactate, promoting recruitment and M2-like polarization of macrophages, likely amplifying local WAT inflammation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.",
    "TranslaTUM, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Munich, Germany.",
    "Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.",
    "Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.",
    "Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.",
    "Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.",
    "Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.",
    "German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.",
    "German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner side Munich, Munich, Germany.",
    "German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner side Munich, Munich, Germany."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marie Christine Goess"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Julia M Heinze"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Julian Hofmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4654-4121"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Annalisa Buck"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Iana Gadjalova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marie-Christin Weber",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3188-2160"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sandra Ring"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Joerg M Buescher"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Matteo Villa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2684-0596"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Philipp-Alexander Neumann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        7,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Jürgen Ruland"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Selina J Keppler",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9010-8044"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aj274s63ng5wd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjag182",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13744403",
  "id": "aj274s63ng5wd",
  "issns": [
    "1873-9946",
    "1876-4479"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42998367",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4412400830",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13744403?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13744403",
  "pmid": "42998367",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aj274s63ng5wd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42998367",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42998367"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "B cell/adipocyte crosstalk amplifies MCP-1 secretion, M2-like macrophage accumulation, and polarization in gut-associated, inflamed adipose tissue.",
  "title_text": "B cell/adipocyte crosstalk amplifies MCP-1 secretion, M2-like macrophage accumulation, and polarization in gut-associated, inflamed adipose tissue.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aj274s63ng5wd",
  "venue": "Journal of Crohn's & colitis",
  "versions": []
}