{
  "abstract": "Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that infects plants. Interestingly, the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the TMV RNA genome is recognized and translated by the ribosomes of Escherichia coli in a Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence-independent manner. This study aimed at investigation of the bacterial recognition modules that control gene expression within the TMV RNA genome. To this end, the 5’-end-complete cDNA of the TMV RNA and several 5’-end-truncated cDNA mutants, in which the movement protein-encoding gene and its downstream region were replaced with a DNA sequence encoding a green fluorescent protein, i.e., monomeric Umikinoko-Green (mUkG1), were constructed. Surprisingly, mUkG1 fluorescence was observed in E. coli transformants harboring the cloned cDNAs, although they were inserted into a vector lacking a promoter. Analysis of the 5’-end-truncated cDNA mutants and promoter prediction suggested that an E. coli-specific promoter might be located 2.1 kb upstream of the initiation codon for mUkG1. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis and conversion of the initiation codon ATG to AGT indicated that the translation of mUkG1 started from the correct initiation codon. These results imply that E. coli ribosomes correctly recognize the initiation codon on the mRNA, irrespective of the overly long 5’-UTR. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to reveal a recognizable bacterial module hidden within the TMV RNA genome through cDNA construction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Biomanufacturing Process Research Center, National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yoshiyuki Nishimiya"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ajyfs3azxmb15.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358128",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ajyfs3azxmb15",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358128",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Nucleic acids/RNA/Messenger RNA"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics/Microbial genomics/Viral genomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Tobamoviruses/Tobacco mosaic virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Microbial genomics/Viral genomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Virology/Viral genomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Artificial gene amplification and extension/Polymerase chain reaction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Cloning/Vector cloning"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/DNA construction/Vector construction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Gene expression and vector techniques/Vector construction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Bacteria/Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Bacteria/Gut bacteria/Escherichia/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Tobamoviruses/Tobacco mosaic virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Tobamoviruses/Tobacco mosaic virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant pathology/Plant pathogens/Plant viral pathogens/Tobamoviruses/Tobacco mosaic virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Tobamoviruses/Tobacco mosaic virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Model organisms/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Prokaryotic models/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Model organisms/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Artificial gene amplification and extension/Polymerase chain reaction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Cloning/Vector cloning"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/DNA construction/Vector construction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Gene expression and vector techniques/Vector construction"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213267198",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358128&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ajyfs3azxmb15.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358128",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358128"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:molecular biology",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Detection of bacterial gene expression elements on Tobacco mosaic virus RNA using cDNA analysis",
  "title_text": "Detection of bacterial gene expression elements on Tobacco mosaic virus RNA using cDNA analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ajyfs3azxmb15",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}