{
  "abstract": "Porcine respiratory disease complex remains a challenge for pig production, and slaughterhouse lung inspection provides a tool for respiratory health monitoring. This study investigated the occurrence, severity, temporal trends, and anatomical distribution of enzootic pneumonia-like lung lesions in Hungarian slaughter pigs between 2018 and 2022 and evaluated associations with farm size. Of the 13,535 lungs examined, 13,499 with complete lobe-level data were analysed using the Madec scoring system, based on 174 slaughterhouse examinations across 38 farms. Zero-inflated mixed-effects models with a negative binomial distribution were used to analyse lesion occurrence and lesion scores. EP-like lesions (Madec score ≥ 1) occurred in 25.3% of lungs, declining from 57.4% in 2018 to 8.6% in 2022, and mean Madec scores decreased from 2.7 to 0.3. Most lungs (91.0%) scored between 0 and 4, whereas 9.0% had moderate-to-severe lesions (scores 5-28). Lesions were most frequent and severe in the cardiac and apical lobes and showed greater involvement of the right-sided lobes. Farm size was not significantly associated with either model component, although structural zero probabilities were lowest for small and highest for large farms. Structural-zero probability increased over time, indicating that declining overall Madec scores mainly reflected structural zeros rather than conditional-score changes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Veterinary Practitioner, H-7630 Pecs, Hungary.",
    "Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bettina Paszerbovics"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Péter Máté"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Harnos",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8003-1645"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "László Ózsvári",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5568-7319"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak5egjeg5pw5p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ani16193033",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663575",
  "id": "ak5egjeg5pw5p",
  "issns": [
    "2076-2615"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883001",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2404|Microbial infections and disease research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214631164",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663575?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13663575",
  "pmid": "42883001",
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak5egjeg5pw5p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42883001",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883001"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Microbial infections and disease research",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Occurrence, Severity and Temporal Trends of Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions in Hungarian Slaughter Pigs, 2018-2022: Insights from Zero-Inflated Mixed-Effects Models.",
  "title_text": "Occurrence, Severity and Temporal Trends of Enzootic Pneumonia-like Lung Lesions in Hungarian Slaughter Pigs, 2018-2022: Insights from Zero-Inflated Mixed-Effects Models.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak5egjeg5pw5p",
  "venue": "Animals : an open access journal from MDPI",
  "versions": []
}