{
  "abstract": "In this work, we present constructions of quantum circuits to implement general measurements on quantum hardware. Firstly, we investigate a quantum circuit ansatz by following the Naimark extension with a universal set of gates, such as controlled-NOT and single-qubit gates; we call it a {\\it Naimark measurement}. We present a circuit ansatz framed by the Naimark extension, leaving single-qubit gates with parameters, and apply a classical optimizer to determine their parameters to approximate a desired quantum measurement. Secondly, we relax the Naimark measurement with quantum neural-network (QNN) circuits, employing parameterized quantum circuits. We present hybrid Naimark-QNN measurements by incorporating QNN circuits into Naimark measurements. Thirdly, we also consider fully QNN measurements with shallow parameterized circuits. Then, we compare the constructed measurement circuits, Naimark, hybrid Naimark-QNN, and fully QNN measurements, for strategies of state discrimination, such as minimum-error and maximum-confidence measurements. We demonstrate that QNN circuits can efficiently and effectively achieve near-optimal quantum measurements with fewer training iterations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2606.07376",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sung Won Yun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thi Ha Kyaw"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joonwoo Bae"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak8d14528a8xj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.07376",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ak8d14528a8xj",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07376",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.07376",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-03",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak8d14528a8xj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:01Z",
      "native_id": "2606.07376",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07376"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Measurement circuit ansatz: Naimark versus quantum neural-network measurements",
  "title_text": "Measurement circuit ansatz: Naimark versus quantum neural-network measurements",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ak8d14528a8xj",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}