{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The Rhinovirus C (RV-C), first identified in 2006, produce high symptom burdens in children and asthmatics, however, their primary target host cell in the airways remains unknown. Our primary hypotheses were that RV-C target ciliated airway epithelial cells (AECs), and that cell specificity is determined by restricted and high expression of the only known RV-C cell-entry factor, cadherin related family member 3 (CDHR3). METHODS: RV-C15 (C15) infection in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures was assessed using immunofluorescent and time-lapse epifluorescent imaging. Morphology of C15-infected differentiated AECs was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: C15 produced a scattered pattern of infection, and infected cells were shed from the epithelium. The percentage of cells infected with C15 varied from 1.4 to 14.7% depending on cell culture conditions. Infected cells had increased staining for markers of ciliated cells (acetylated-alpha-tubulin [aat], p < 0.001) but not markers of goblet cells (wheat germ agglutinin or Muc5AC, p = ns). CDHR3 expression was increased on ciliated epithelial cells, but not other epithelial cells (p < 0.01). C15 infection caused a 27.4% reduction of ciliated cells expressing CDHR3 (p < 0.01). During differentiation of AECs, CDHR3 expression progressively increased and correlated with both RV-C binding and replication. CONCLUSIONS: The RV-C only replicate in ciliated AECs in vitro, leading to infected cell shedding. CDHR3 expression positively correlates with RV-C binding and replication, and is largely confined to ciliated AECs. Our data imply that factors regulating differentiation and CDHR3 production may be important determinants of RV-C illness severity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "T. F. Griggs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. A. Bochkov"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Basnet"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. R. Pasic"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. A. Brockman-Schneider"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. C. Palmenberg"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. E. Gern"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akc83r0hhv266.bib",
  "cited_by": 114,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12931-017-0567-0",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "akc83r0hhv266",
  "issns": [
    "1465-9921"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05787874v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.mp"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.sdv.mp.vir"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W2611150249",
  "pdf_url": "https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12931-017-0567-0",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "BioMed Central",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akc83r0hhv266.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:51Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05787874",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05787874v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.mp",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Rhinovirus C targets ciliated airway epithelial cells",
  "title_text": "Rhinovirus C targets ciliated airway epithelial cells",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akc83r0hhv266",
  "venue": "Respiratory Research",
  "versions": []
}