{
  "abstract": "Runaway electron (RE) beams generated during tokamak disruptions can deposit highly localized heat loads on plasma-facing components, posing a serious risk of melting and damage. Monte Carlo particle transport simulations coupled with three-dimensional thermomechanical response modeling can quantify this damage but are too computationally demanding for device-scale assessments and extensive scenario scans. We present FIREWALL (Fast Integrated Runaway Electron WALL loads), a surrogate model that combines a database of \\textsc{Geant4} volumetric energy-deposition profiles with a one-dimensional heat-diffusion solver for each wall element. FIREWALL retains the energy and incident angle distributions of impacting REs and predicts the spatiotemporal temperature evolution of detailed three-dimensional wall geometries up to the melting threshold. FIREWALL thus provides a fast physics-based framework for translating global RE simulations into global wall melting predictions, enabling large-scale screening of disruption scenarios while directing high-fidelity costly workflows to the limited wall regions where they are actually required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.40132",
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Victor Johan Svensson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tommaso Rizzi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Svetlana Ratynskaia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hannes Bergström"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luca Venerando Greco"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthias Hoelzl"
    },
    {
      "name": "Panagiotis Tolias"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akg6smffp79jx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.40132",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "akg6smffp79jx",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.40132",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.plasm-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Fusion materials and technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215128619",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.40132",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akg6smffp79jx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
      "native_id": "2609.40132",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.40132"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.plasm-ph",
      "subfield": "plasma"
    }
  ],
  "title": "FIREWALL: A surrogate model for the rapid assessment of tokamak wall loading and melting by runaway electrons",
  "title_text": "FIREWALL: A surrogate model for the rapid assessment of tokamak wall loading and melting by runaway electrons",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akg6smffp79jx",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}