{
  "abstract": "Temporal interfaces created by abrupt refractive-index changes enable frequency conversion and underpin photonic time crystals, but bidirectional control in a single physical system remains difficult. Here we show that collisional plasma provides pressure-controlled bidirectional microwave frequency modulation. We develop a self-consistent framework coupling finite-difference time-domain electrodynamics with particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision kinetics, avoiding a prescribed Drude permittivity for the transient plasma response. The model predicts that high gas pressure produces a redshift dominated by collisional momentum relaxation, whereas low pressure produces a blueshift driven by rapid ionization and electron-density dispersion. Experiments using a waveguide-loaded gas discharge system reproduce the pressure-dependent shift directions predicted by the simulations. These results identify gas pressure as a control parameter for time refraction in plasma and provide a microscopic framework for designing dynamic temporal photonic systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xiuli Wei"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zijian Liu",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-4990-4683"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jianfei Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zheyu Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ying Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhongxiang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jingfeng Yao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4094-9782"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chengxun Yuan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2308-6703"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akpaspj7b2bkw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s42005-026-02913-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "akpaspj7b2bkw",
  "issns": [
    "2399-3650"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02913-z",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221621989",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02913-z_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akpaspj7b2bkw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s42005-026-02913-z",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02913-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3106|Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Modulating time refraction via collisional plasma-formed photonic time interfaces",
  "title_text": "Modulating time refraction via collisional plasma-formed photonic time interfaces",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/akpaspj7b2bkw",
  "venue": "Communications Physics",
  "versions": []
}