{
  "abstract": "To mitigate surface subsidence and stope instability induced by an insufficient filling ratio in cut‑and‑fill mining, this study investigates overlying strata fracture characteristics and instability mechanisms by means of similar material simulation, PFC numerical modeling, and theoretical analysis. Filling ratio acts as the dominant factor for overburden and stope stability: full (100%) filling suppresses roof displacement and key-stratum breakage to realize reliable gangue-pillar bearing and overburden control, whereas 50% insufficient filling triggers key-stratum fracture and domino-style chain failure starting from central goaf gangue pillars, further producing severe overburden destruction and large-magnitude surface subsidence. PFC simulations prove cut-and-fill mining forms a composite three-arch structure, whose evolution under gangue compaction controls overburden damage and surface subsidence. Analysis confirms the criticality of middle gangue pillar stability, so Cut-and-fill mining design should strengthen middle and end gangue pillars. This study clarifies filling ratio control mechanisms, providing technical support for filling parameter optimization and safe, efficient Cut-and-fill mining.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China",
    "Qianyingzi Coal Mine, Anhui Hengyuan Coal Industry and Electricity Power Co., Ltd., Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group, Suzhou, China",
    "State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China",
    "School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China",
    "Jinfeng Coal Mine, National Energy Group Ningxia Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Yanchi, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
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        0
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      "name": "Qingju Qin"
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    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhiqiang Wang"
    },
    {
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        2
      ],
      "name": "Changxiang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jiahao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Baoliang Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3aatg0jw3fe.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0354444",
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  "id": "am3aatg0jw3fe",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "native_subjects": [
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0354444&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3aatg0jw3fe.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "plos:materials science",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
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  "title": "Study on the fracture characteristics controlled by filling ratio in cut-and-fill mining",
  "title_text": "Study on the fracture characteristics controlled by filling ratio in cut-and-fill mining",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3aatg0jw3fe",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}