{
  "abstract": "Post-infectious persistent pain (PIPP) is a common long-term outcome of infection, but the link between transient infection and persistent pain remains unclear. Traditional explanations, such as tissue injury, residual inflammation, and nerve damage, do not fully explain pain persistence after pathogen clearance. This review proposes that signaling between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors (PAMP-PRR) is a key mechanistic bridge from acute infection to persistent pain. Microbial ligands from bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens activate PRRs in immune cells, sensory neurons, glia, and epithelial cells, triggering shared neuroimmune programs that include inflammatory amplification, neuron-immune crosstalk, glial activation, and sensitization of peripheral and central pain pathways. Persistent microbial products, viral latency, repeated antigen exposure, and trained immunity may maintain these circuits and promote a shift from PAMP-driven responses to damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated sterile neuroinflammation. These observations reframe PIPP as a dynamic neuroimmune disorder and support biomarker-informed, stage-specific therapies aimed at restoring neuroimmune homeostasis while preserving host defense.Graphical abstract",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anesthesiology, The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.",
    "West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.",
    "Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ying Hong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mengmeng Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hanbing Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mao Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Guochang Hu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7054-7867"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chunling Jiang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3rcv3j31fxa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s44254-026-00199-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680513",
  "id": "am3rcv3j31fxa",
  "issns": [
    "2731-8389"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903367",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RD78.3-87.3"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Pain Mechanisms and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222985419",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680513?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13680513",
  "pmid": "42903367",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3rcv3j31fxa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903367",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903367"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:39Z",
      "native_id": "e99da6818c20469887b921947d1524c9",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44254-026-00199-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Pain Mechanisms and Treatments",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Microbial PAMPs-PRR driven neuroimmune signaling in the development of post-infectious persistent pain.",
  "title_text": "Microbial PAMPs-PRR driven neuroimmune signaling in the development of post-infectious persistent pain.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/am3rcv3j31fxa",
  "venue": "Anesthesiology and perioperative science",
  "versions": []
}