{
  "abstract": "Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder persisting into adulthood is associated with academic and social impairment among university students. Despite a growing burden in India, culturally adapted and scalable interventions remain limited. Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is evidence-based for adult ADHD, but has not been rigorously evaluated in Indian higher education settings. Objective: This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a 26-session culturally adapted group CBT protocol in reducing core ADHD symptoms and executive function impairment among Indian university students in Delhi, compared to a waitlist control. Methods: A total of 674 university students aged 21–26 years who met DSM-5-TR criteria for ADHD were randomly assigned to group CBT (n = 337) or a waitlist control (n = 337). ADHD symptoms and executive functions were assessed using the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale and the NIMHANS Neuropsychological Battery at baseline, post-intervention at 12 weeks, and 3-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. Mean session attendance was 89.3%. Results: Compared to controls, the CBT group showed significantly greater reductions in inattention, d = 2.31, p < .001, and hyperactivity-impulsivity, d = 1.58, p < .001, and significant improvements in executive function, d = 1.18, p < .001, at post-intervention. Treatment gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Culturally adapted group CBT is an efficacious and scalable intervention for reducing ADHD symptoms and improving executive function in Indian university students. Findings support integrating group CBT into higher-education student support and counselling services. Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Cognitive behavioural therapy; Executive function; University students; India; Randomized controlled trial",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Dr Kadim Lovakumari"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prof Tosendra Dwivedi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ampymbcjc9sb2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/h7m3k_v2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ampymbcjc9sb2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/h7m3k_v2/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Clinical Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211937850",
  "pdf_url": "https://osf.io/h7m3k/download",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ampymbcjc9sb2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
      "native_id": "h7m3k",
      "source": "osf",
      "url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/h7m3k_v2/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "bepress:Clinical Psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Efficacy of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Reducing Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Impairment in Indian University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "title_text": "The Efficacy of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Reducing Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Impairment in Indian University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ampymbcjc9sb2",
  "venue": "PsyArXiv",
  "versions": []
}