{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a prevalent respiratory pathogen, but comprehensive estimates of severe clinical outcomes across populations are lacking. We synthesized the proportion of severe outcomes among people with laboratory-confirmed HMPV infection.Method\n\nWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and Google Scholar from inception to 20 January 2026, without language restrictions. Observational studies reporting severe outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, respiratory support, mechanical ventilation, mortality) in laboratory-confirmed HMPV infection were eligible; studies enrolling only people who are immunocompromised without comparators were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Pooled proportions were estimated using random-effects generalized linear mixed models with logit transformation. Subgroup analyses examined healthcare setting and age.Results\n\nNinety-four studies (∼26 000 people who are HMPV positive) were included. Pooled proportions were 48% (95% CI, 20%-78%; 8 studies, n = 1445) for hospitalization; 12% (95% CI, 8%-16%; 26 studies, n = 14 522; Egger P = .03) for ICU admission; 40% (95% CI, 26%-56%; 18 studies, n = 4328) for respiratory support; 8% (95% CI, 5%-13%; 16 studies, n = 5543) for mechanical ventilation; and 3% (95% CI, 2%-5%; 29 studies, n = 13 657; I² = 78.5%) for in-hospital mortality. Mortality was highest among adults (6%).Conclusions\n\nHuman metapneumovirus causes substantial hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality, supporting strengthened surveillance, integration into respiratory virus prevention strategies, and accelerated vaccine development.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Statistics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.",
    "Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.",
    "Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.",
    "Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.",
    "Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yu Miao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7134-5191"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shangchen Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zachary J Madewell",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5667-9660"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zhumengmeng Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yumiao Lei",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-7156-9515"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Evelyn Shi",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-2976-6271"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yixuan Zeng",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2525-6630"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mingjing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ira M Longini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yang Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0428-5480"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/amq4kj3kezpq1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/ofid/ofag634",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693478",
  "id": "amq4kj3kezpq1",
  "issns": [
    "2328-8957"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921488",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220982093",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693478?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13693478",
  "pmid": "42921488",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/amq4kj3kezpq1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921488",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921488"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Respiratory viral infections research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Severity and Population-Specific Outcomes of Human Metapneumovirus Infection.",
  "title_text": "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Severity and Population-Specific Outcomes of Human Metapneumovirus Infection.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/amq4kj3kezpq1",
  "venue": "Open forum infectious diseases",
  "versions": []
}