{
  "abstract": "Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common solid malignancies in young men. Despite high cure rates with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, resistance and long-term toxicities remain clinical challenges in TGCTs. Selinexor, an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor, has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in other cancers, but its potential in TGCTs remains unknown. Objective: We investigated the antitumor effects of selinexor in TGCT cell lines. Materials and methods: XPO1 RNA expression, protein abundance and localization were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in TGCT tissue microarrays and non-neoplastic testicular tissues, and by meta-analysis of publicly available gene-expression microarray datasets from normal testis, primary TGCT specimens as well as TGCT cell lines. Selinexor effects on cell viability, cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated using XTT assay and flow cytometry. p53 and p21 expression and localization were analyzed by Western blotting and Immunofluorescence. Results: XPO1 expression was heterogeneous across normal testis, TGCT tissues and cell lines. Yet, selinexor reduced TGCT cell viability and induced G1 or G2/M cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, increased total p53 and p21 protein levels, and their nuclear accumulation. Of note, control fibroblast exhibited limited sensitivity to selinexor. Discussion and conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of XPO1 with selinexor might be potential therapeutic strategy for TGCTs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University Clinics, Bonn University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "R. Islam"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Wladhaus"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Bollen"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Descher"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Shalan"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. A. A. Balde"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Liesen"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Kovacevic"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. E. Merges"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Kristiansen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "H. Schorle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/anw20z7f7j01e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.14.750914",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.750914v1.full",
  "id": "anw20z7f7j01e",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.750914v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "cancer biology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Testicular diseases and treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213938250",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.750914v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/anw20z7f7j01e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.14.750914",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.750914v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "biorxiv:cancer biology",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "XPO1 Inhibition by Selinexor Induces Nuclear p53 and p21 Accumulation, Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors",
  "title_text": "XPO1 Inhibition by Selinexor Induces Nuclear p53 and p21 Accumulation, Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/anw20z7f7j01e",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}