{
  "abstract": "This study presents a simple ultrasonication-assisted route for the synthesis of α-MnO2 nanoflowers at room temperature. The process employs acoustic cavitation at 40 kHz and 100 W with test synthesis times of 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. The best results were obtained with 40 min of sonication, yielding uniform nanoflower structures with (2 × 2) tunnel framework of α-MnO2, a maximum specific BET surface area of 182 m2 g−1 and total pore volume of 0.41 cm3 g−1. Besides, the electrochemical measurements of α-MnO2 nanoflowers were carried out using a three-electrode configuration, achieving a specific capacitance of 121F g−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 and 116F g−1 in 1 M LiCl electrolytes at 2 mV s−1 for 40 min sonicated sample. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates notable reduction in the charge transfer resistance upon optimization. The fabricated symmetric device exhibits a coulombic efficiency of ∼99% over 10,000 cycles in a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The ambient, template-free synthesis condition offer clear pathways to industrial scalability. This work establishes sonication duration as a versatile parameter for engineering metal oxides with tailored morphology, delivering reliable performance and long-term stability in neutral aqueous supercapacitors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India",
    "Centre for Advanced Materials Research, Department of Physics, Government College for Women, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "S.V. Divyalekshmi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "M.A. Anu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "T.S. Xavier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "R. Murali"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ap12cmgaga4wt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108119",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13698071/",
  "id": "ap12cmgaga4wt",
  "issns": [
    "1350-4177",
    "1873-2828"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108119",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222821034",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13698071?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13698071",
  "pmid": "42896424",
  "published": "2026-10-17",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ap12cmgaga4wt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:01Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13698071",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108119"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42896424",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42896424"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Time-optimized ultrasonic synthesis of α-MnO2 nanoflower: controlling structural evolution and agglomeration for stable electrochemical performance",
  "title_text": "Time-optimized ultrasonic synthesis of α-MnO2 nanoflower: controlling structural evolution and agglomeration for stable electrochemical performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ap12cmgaga4wt",
  "venue": "Ultrasonics Sonochemistry",
  "versions": []
}