{
  "abstract": "Aryl diazonium chemistry is widely used to introduce luminescent sp³ quantum defects into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for imaging, sensing, and photonic applications. However, controlling the extent of functionalization is nontrivial because excessive diazonium functionalization can disrupt the SWCNT sp² carbon network, leading to substantial loss of its characteristic optical absorption. Here, we show that mixed sodium dodecyl sulfate/sodium deoxycholate (SDS/DOC) surfactant coronas provide a simple way to regulate aryl diazonium access to the SWCNT sidewall. In DOC-only SWCNT dispersions, even 0.010% (m/V) DOC suppressed detectable aryl diazonium-induced defect formation, whereas SDS-only dispersions permitted rapid functionalization. By systematically varying the SDS/DOC composition, we identified a reaction window of ∼0.008 to 0.050% (m/V) DOC at 0.857% (m/V) SDS and 2.35 μM 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate that maximizes the brightening factor (integrated defect photoluminescence (PL) relative to pristine E₁₁ PL) while reducing E₁₁ absorption loss relative to SDS-only dispersions. These results support a mixed-surfactant gating model in which DOC protects the nanotube surface, while SDS-rich or less-protected regions permit diazonium adsorption and defect formation. Mixed-surfactant engineering therefore offers a practical strategy for tuning quantum defect formation in SWCNTs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA yhw@umd.edu.",
    "Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA.",
    "Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhulfaa Zhulficar",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-7500-9408"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "YuHuang Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5664-1849"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/apa7m3k4q11hb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6lf00258g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13712174",
  "id": "apa7m3k4q11hb",
  "issns": [
    "2755-3701"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948322",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Carbon Nanotubes in Composites"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222736101",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/lf/article-pdf/doi/10.1039/D6LF00258G/14907875/d6lf00258g.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13712174",
  "pmid": "42948322",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/apa7m3k4q11hb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948322",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948322"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13712174",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6lf00258g"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Carbon Nanotubes in Composites",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mixed-surfactant gating of aryl diazonium quantum defect formation in single-walled carbon nanotubes.",
  "title_text": "Mixed-surfactant gating of aryl diazonium quantum defect formation in single-walled carbon nanotubes.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/apa7m3k4q11hb",
  "venue": "RSC applied interfaces",
  "versions": []
}