{
  "abstract": "The Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) at the proposed Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC) is essential for detecting forward-going neutral particles and supporting the core nucleon spin and 3D imaging physics programs. In this work, a highly compact Spaghetti Calorimeter (SPACAL) architecture is proposed and optimized as the baseline design for the ZDC hadronic section. To systematically and quantitatively evaluate its physics capabilities, a comprehensive end-to-end Geant4 simulation framework was developed, integrating energy deposition, optical photon transport, photo-detection, and modeled front-end signal digitization. The optimized detector demonstrates excellent performance for neutron detection, achieving an energy resolution of $33.42\\%/\\sqrt{E/\\mathrm{GeV}} + 1.47\\%$ and a timing resolution of approximately 500 ps, outperforming the targeted specification. Furthermore, full-system simulations incorporating the upstream electromagnetic calorimeter yield a sub-centimeter transverse position resolution. Moreover, topological shower shape analysis across the full detector system provides robust particle identification (PID), with photon-neutron separation accuracy reaching over $99\\%$ for high-energy incident particles. These quantitative results confirm that the SPACAL design fully satisfies the stringent operational and physics requirements of the EicC forward kinematic region.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.16985",
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Maiyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuan Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hao Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xikun Sun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zixiang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yutie Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weizhi Xiong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ye Tian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ting Lin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aqz5p4ac6kewm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.16985",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "aqz5p4ac6kewm",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16985",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Particle Detector Development and Performance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213420148",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.16985",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aqz5p4ac6kewm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:41Z",
      "native_id": "2609.16985",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16985"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Design and Simulation Study of the Hadronic Calorimeter for the EicC Zero Degree Calorimeter",
  "title_text": "Design and Simulation Study of the Hadronic Calorimeter for the EicC Zero Degree Calorimeter",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aqz5p4ac6kewm",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}