{
  "abstract": "Bats are hosts to diverse zoonotic viruses which can cause high case fatality rates in humans. Since detecting viruses in bats is difficult, antibodies are often used for surveillance, though their significance remains unclear in the absence of in vivo immunological studies. To address this knowledge gap, we measured antibody production and gene expression in bats following injection with vaccines encoding either a Nipah virus G glycoprotein or an Ebola virus GP glycoprotein. We selected two African bat species with overlapping ranges, Eidolon helvum (confirmed reservoir of henipaviruses) and Epomophorus gambianus (putative reservoir of filoviruses). Using a Luminex-based multiplex microsphere immunoassay and a pseudotype virus neutralization assay, we observed an increase in antibodies against the Nipah glycoprotein in most bats that received the Nipah vaccine. In contrast, we could only detect anti-Ebola glycoprotein antibodies in one bat species, Ep. gambianus, in response to the Ebola vaccine. Transcriptomic analysis in Ei. helvum revealed that genes involved in ISGylation and T-cell differentiation pathways were differentially expressed in response to the Ebola, but not the Nipah, vaccine. These results demonstrate species-specific differences in responses to antigen exposure, offering insights into bat adaptive immune systems and providing calibration for serological data from wild bats.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge 1 , Cambridge, UK",
    "School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London 2 , London, UK",
    "Viral Pseudotype Unit, University of Sussex 3 , Brighton, UK",
    "Institute of Zoology of the Zoological Society of London 4 , London, UK",
    "School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana 5 , Accra, Ghana",
    "Biozentrum Martinsried, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 7 , Planegg-Martinsried, Germany",
    "Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana 6 , Accra, Ghana",
    "Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc 9 , Rockville, MD, USA",
    "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University 8 , Bethesda, MD, USA",
    "University of Oxford Pandemic Sciences Institute 10 , Oxford, UK",
    "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAM) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford 11 , Oxford, UK",
    "Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford 12 , Oxford, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elinor Jax",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5225-8634"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Romain Garnier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Georgia Tsagkogeorga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hubert Buczkowski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Louise Gibson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Pius Benia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Richard Suu-Ire"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Vera M. Warmuth",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0305-5125"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sylvester Languon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Osbourne Quaye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Lianying Yan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Christopher C. Broder"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Stephen J. Rossiter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Edward Wright"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Sarah C. Gilbert"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Teresa Lambe",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7711-897X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "James L. N. Wood"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Andrew A. Cunningham",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3543-6504"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Olivier Restif",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9158-853X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aryg0tbq3mafp.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1098/rsos.252189",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "aryg0tbq3mafp",
  "issns": [
    "2054-5703"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/252189/483489/Serological-and-transcriptomic-response-of-African",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204633968",
  "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.252189/6168677/rsos.252189.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "The Royal Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aryg0tbq3mafp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.1098/rsos.252189",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/252189/483489/Serological-and-transcriptomic-response-of-African"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Serological and transcriptomic response of African fruit bats to immune challenge with recombinant vaccines expressing Ebola or Nipah virus antigens",
  "title_text": "Serological and transcriptomic response of African fruit bats to immune challenge with recombinant vaccines expressing Ebola or Nipah virus antigens",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aryg0tbq3mafp",
  "venue": "Royal Society Open Science",
  "versions": []
}