{
  "abstract": "Analyzing multimodal brain networks offers new insights into the mechanisms of brain disorders. However, most studies focus on unimodal networks or use global/local graph metrics, often missing critical information about disrupted pathways. In this study, we propose a novel framework for estimating static and dynamic multimodal brain graphs by integrating time-resolved functional network connectivity (FNC) and gray matter features using a Gaussian graphical model. We then apply a path-based graph theory analysis to identify connectors and disconnectors, edges that respectively introduce or eliminate paths in the patient graph compared to controls. Our findings in schizophrenia reveal several edges linked to missing or additional paths, indicating network disruptions that are undetectable using unimodal or pairwise analyses. These disrupted pathways span both within- and cross-modal connections, particularly involving regions like the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellum. This work demonstrates the value of multimodal integration and emphasizes the importance of moving beyond individual edge-level analysis when characterizing disease-related network alterations. Our path-centric approach provides a complementary view of brain connectivity disruption and identifies candidate path-based markers of schizophrenia that warrant validation in independent datasets.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.",
    "Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.",
    "San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.",
    "Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.",
    "Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.",
    "Department Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haleh Falakshahi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2202-1016"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hooman Rokham",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2650-0156"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Daniel H Mathalon",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6090-4974"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Judith M Ford"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bryon A Mueller",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2429-0391"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Adrian Preda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Theo G M van Erp"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jessica A Turner",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0076-8434"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Godfrey Pearlson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Vince D Calhoun"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/as8b6me43ws43.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/hbm.70654",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687789",
  "id": "as8b6me43ws43",
  "issns": [
    "1065-9471",
    "1097-0193"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908307",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Functional Brain Connectivity Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223185962",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687789?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687789",
  "pmid": "42908307",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/as8b6me43ws43.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908307",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908307"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2805|Functional Brain Connectivity Studies",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multimodal Brain Graph Analysis for Uncovering Path-Based Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: Integrating Static and Dynamic Approaches.",
  "title_text": "Multimodal Brain Graph Analysis for Uncovering Path-Based Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: Integrating Static and Dynamic Approaches.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/as8b6me43ws43",
  "venue": "Human brain mapping",
  "versions": []
}