{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nThe shift of elective spine surgery to ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) is driven by advances in minimally invasive techniques and cost-containment pressure. Comparisons between settings are confounded by patient selection bias, leaving true cost and safety differences unresolved.Methods\n\nThis systematic review and meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020) compared clinical outcomes, operative efficiency, and costs of elective spine surgery in ASCs versus HOPDs across twelve observational studies (49,054 patients). Data were pooled using random-effects models; methodological quality was assessed with risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions V2.Results\n\nASC patients were significantly younger and healthier. Clinical outcomes were equivalent across settings (reoperations relative risk [RR] 0.80; complications RR 0.88; 30-day readmissions RR 0.94). ASCs demonstrated superior operative efficiency (blood loss mean difference [MD] -20.24 mL, p = 0.01; operative time MD -15.05 min, p = 0.03) and 25-45% cost savings for single-level lumbar procedures.Conclusion\n\nFor younger, healthier patients undergoing single-level procedures, ASC spine surgery is as safe as HOPD surgery and offers superior efficiency and cost savings, provided rigorous patient selection is maintained.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Interest Group Africa, Lagos, Nigeria.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Illinois, Chicago, United States."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jeremiah Oluwatomi Itodo Daniel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Robinson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kehinde Alare"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alex Mwangi Kihunyu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Chiamaka Bianca Offorbuike"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Emmanuel Oyesiji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Raheem Olalekan Bello"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bunmi Adedotun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Olatomiwa Olukoya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Najib El Tecle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ashv3jhdyb044.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.25259/sni_402_2026",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726858",
  "id": "ashv3jhdyb044",
  "issns": [
    "2229-5097",
    "2152-7806"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974329",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222533104",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726858?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13726858",
  "pmid": "42974329",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Scientific Scholar",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ashv3jhdyb044.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42974329",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974329"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:23:06Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726858",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_402_2026"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2734|Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical outcomes and cost analysis of elective spine surgery in ambulatory surgery centers versus hospital outpatient departments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
  "title_text": "Clinical outcomes and cost analysis of elective spine surgery in ambulatory surgery centers versus hospital outpatient departments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:23:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ashv3jhdyb044",
  "venue": "Surgical neurology international",
  "versions": []
}