{
  "abstract": "Environmental exposures to radioactive and stable iodine and predisposing germline genetic variants contribute to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after the Chernobyl accident, but their joint effects and interaction effects remain unknown. A retrospective observational case-control study enrolled 945 PTC patients and 1040 healthy control individuals from Belarus aged 0–18 years old at the time of exposure. Clinicopathological data, individual radiation doses to the thyroid, extent of stable iodine consumption, and genotypes for six predisposing genetic variants were used in the multiplicative and additive statistical models to address the individual environmental (E) and genetic factor (G) effects, and those of E×E, G×G, and G×E interactions. The radiation dose and soil iodine level were statistically significantly associated with PTC and displayed a negative interaction. Out of six, four genetic variants displayed significant association signals with a positive interaction between two of them. Importantly, one of these variants negatively interacts with the radiation dose. The soil iodine level did not interact with genetic components. The impact of radiation exposure was stronger than that of genetic variants. The findings show that environmental and genetic factors demonstrate complex nonindependent effects on the development of thyroid cancer after childhood radiation exposure and point at the absence of radiation risk augmentation by the major cancer-associated genetic variants. These observations can be used for radiation risk communication with the public.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Molecular Oncology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan",
    "Consulting-Diagnosing Department of Thyroid Diseases, Minsk City Clinical Oncological Center, Minsk 220013, Belarus",
    "Laboratory of Pathology, Minsk City Clinical Oncological Center, Minsk 220013, Belarus",
    "Department of Oncology, Belarus State Medical University, Minsk 220083, Belarus",
    "Minsk City Clinical Oncological Center, Minsk 220013, Belarus",
    "Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan",
    "Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States",
    "Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon CEDEX 07 69366, France",
    "Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel 246040, Belarus",
    "Republican Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy, Minsk 220114, Belarus",
    "Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk 220083, Belarus",
    "Department of Disaster Resilience and Science, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan",
    "Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan",
    "Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan",
    "Thyroid Cancer Collaborative Research Center, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tatiana I. Rogounovitch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tatiana A. Leonava"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mikhail V. Fridman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Victor A. Kondratovitch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Meiko Takahashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Vladimir Drozdovitch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Evgeniya Ostroumova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ilya V. Veyalkin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Victor F. Minenko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Natallia M. Akulevich"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Larisa I. Danilova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Maxim L. Lushchyk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Noboru Takamura"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Fumihiko Matsuda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Shunichi Yamashita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Norisato Mitsutake"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Vladimir A. Saenko",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2844-3121"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/asr2yqvd4er4t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/ehp.6c00281",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13741316/",
  "id": "asr2yqvd4er4t",
  "issns": [
    "0091-6765",
    "1552-9924"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ehp.6c00281",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
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      "openalex",
      "2712|Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"
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  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/evhpaz/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/EHP.6c00281/68937391/ehp.6c00281.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13741316",
  "pmid": "42997311",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/asr2yqvd4er4t.ris",
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    {
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ehp.6c00281"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
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  ],
  "title": "Chernobyl Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Reveals a Complex Interplay between Environmental Exposures and Lead Genetic Variants Predisposing to Thyroid Cancer",
  "title_text": "Chernobyl Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Reveals a Complex Interplay between Environmental Exposures and Lead Genetic Variants Predisposing to Thyroid Cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/asr2yqvd4er4t",
  "venue": "Environmental Health Perspectives",
  "versions": []
}