{
  "abstract": "A novel bulk-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) was developed by incorporating bromocresol green (BG) as a pH-responsive colorimetric reagent, directly into the graphite ink formulation to create an integrated dual-response sensing platform. This bulk modification strategy enables complementary electrochemical and colorimetric responses on a single disposable device (BG-SPE), eliminating the need for additional reagents or multi-step procedures. The platform was applied to the detection of scopolamine, a clinically relevant tropane alkaloid associated with both therapeutic use and drug-facilitated criminal activity. The BG-SPE sensor enabled rapid, portable preliminary visual screening followed by electrochemical confirmation and quantification of scopolamine in beverages and biological matrices. Differential pulse voltammetry provided a wide linear range from 5 to 80 µg mL⁻¹, with limits of detection (3σ) and quantification (10σ) of 0.02 and 0.07 µg mL⁻¹, respectively, alongside excellent repeatability (RSD < 7.0% for peak current and <2.0% for peak potential). Method validation in real beverage samples (whiskey) and synthetic biological fluids (saliva, urine, and vitreous humour) yielded recoveries close to 100% with negligible matrix effects. The bulk incorporation of BG into the ink formulation provided reproducible electrode fabrication, supporting the use of bulk-modified SPE for on-site forensic screening, while allowing both analytical responses to be generated from the same sensing interface. The bulk-modified SPE integrates visual screening and electrochemical confirmation and quantification within a single portable sensing platform, enabling complementary analytical information to be obtained from the same sensing interface without requiring addition reagents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Dalton Building, Chester Street M1 5GD UK c.banks@mmu.ac.uk.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Vales Do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Campus JK 39100-000 Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil.",
    "Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás Campus Samambaia 74690-900 Goiânia Goiás Brazil.",
    "Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia 38400-902 Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil.",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Vales Do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Campus JK 39100000 Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil wallanst@ufvjm.edu.br."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Larissa M A Melo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6083-3184"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Robert D Crapnell",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8701-3933"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elena Bernalte",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0764-789X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Daniel S Paula",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-2578-5822"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo A A Munoz",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8230-5825"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wendell K T Coltro",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4009-2291"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Wallans T P Dos Santos",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6585-9930"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Craig E Banks",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0756-9764"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/av4f5qyws9r72.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07984a",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13640614",
  "id": "av4f5qyws9r72",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42840688",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Electrochemical sensors and biosensors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220715400",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13640614?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13640614",
  "pmid": "42840688",
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/av4f5qyws9r72.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:03Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42840688",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42840688"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2046-2069",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Forensic electrochemistry on a drop: bromocresol green-modified screen-printed platforms for dual colorimetric-electrochemical detection of scopolamine.",
  "title_text": "Forensic electrochemistry on a drop: bromocresol green-modified screen-printed platforms for dual colorimetric-electrochemical detection of scopolamine.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/av4f5qyws9r72",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}