{
  "abstract": "The emergence of evolutionary novelties remains a central challenge in biology, particularly for complex organs such as the vertebrate eye. Here, we use the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps to investigate adaptation to simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics reveal that the ventral retina, which processes aerial light, is developmentally expanded and exhibits region-specific opsin expression. Ventral PR1 cones express opn1mw2 rather than the longer-wavelength-sensitive opn1lw paralogs expressed dorsally. Machine-learning predictions indicate that Opn1mw2 is red-shifted relative to Opn1mw1 but remains blue-shifted relative to dorsal Opn1lw pigments. Dorsal-ventral patterning markers further reveal an overrepresentation of ventral retinal identities. Comparative spatial profiling of developing and adult Anableps and killifish indicates dorsal displacement of the retinal boundary, producing a proportionally larger ventral domain. Thus, Anableps evolved aerial vision through developmental expansion of the ventral retina and regional reconfiguration of opsin expression within conserved cone subtypes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Louise Perez",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0468-0995"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lina Shi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alyssa Daspit",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-9548-2211"
    },
    {
      "name": "Keyla N. Pruett",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-9770-7285"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carsyn Smith"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Prideaux",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-0960-6337"
    },
    {
      "name": "Josane F. Sousa",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7932-9818"
    },
    {
      "name": "Patricia N. Schneider",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9745-0694"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/awncm4d6wrdyq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-78775-4",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "awncm4d6wrdyq",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78775-4",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Retinal Development and Disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222096547",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78775-4_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/awncm4d6wrdyq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41467-026-78775-4",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78775-4"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Retinal Development and Disorders",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evolutionary remodeling of the ventral retina enables aerial vision in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps",
  "title_text": "Evolutionary remodeling of the ventral retina enables aerial vision in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/awncm4d6wrdyq",
  "venue": "Nature Communications",
  "versions": []
}