{
  "abstract": "Background and Objectives: Warm-up before cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) typically includes low-intensity aerobic activity. Whether a dynamic suspension-training warm-up represents a comparable alternative remains unknown. This study compared the cardiopulmonary responses between a treadmill walking warm-up (WW) and a suspension training warm-up (SW) before CPET in highly active young adults. Methods: Fifteen participants (6 females, 9 males; 21.2 ± 1.90 years) randomly completed both 6 min warm-up conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order before an incremental treadmill CPET using a portable metabolic analyzer. Equivalence of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) was assessed using two one-sided tests with a prespecified bound of ±1 MET (±3.5 mL/kg/min). Results: VO₂ peak between SW (58.8 mL/kg/min; SD = 9.33) and WW (58.9 mL/kg/min; SD = 10.34) did not differ significantly (p = 0.957, d = -0.01). The 90% CI for the differences (-2.48 to 2.33 mL/kg/min) fell within the equivalence bounds (p = 0.010 and p = 0.013). Linear mixed model analyses revealed no significant effect of warm-up on VO₂ peak (F1,13 = 0.003, p = 0.957) with no sequence-order effects (p > 0.05). Other peak CPET cardiopulmonary, perceptual, and performance outcomes did not differ between warm-ups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A SW elicited equivalent VO₂ peak and no significant differences in other CPET outcomes compared to a traditional WW in highly active young adults. These findings provide novel evidence that SW may represent a practical alternative warm-up before CPET in highly active young adults.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Human Performance Lab, Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Robert J Federico"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tiffany A Caba-Abreu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jamie Pigman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tamara Rial Rebullido",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8526-6323"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/axf4dz8r7pt3w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jfmk11040385",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692389",
  "id": "axf4dz8r7pt3w",
  "issns": [
    "2411-5142"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924664",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214289202",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692389?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13692389",
  "pmid": "42924664",
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/axf4dz8r7pt3w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924664",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924664"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of a Suspension Training Warm-Up on Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Highly Active Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.",
  "title_text": "Effects of a Suspension Training Warm-Up on Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Highly Active Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/axf4dz8r7pt3w",
  "venue": "Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology",
  "versions": []
}