{
  "abstract": "Feruloyl amino acids and their corresponding dipeptide derivatives, obtained via condensation of ferulic acid—a well-established natural antioxidant—with amino acids and dipeptide moieties, represent a class of compounds with notable biological potential. In the present study, the antioxidant activity and radical-scavenging potential of a series of twelve feruloyl amino acid and dipeptide derivatives were systematically investigated using both in vitro assays and computational methods. Experimental evaluation was performed using DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ assays. In the DPPH˙ assay, several derivatives exhibited EC50 values lower than those of the reference antioxidants BHA and BHT, whereas in the ABTS˙+ assay, all synthesized compounds displayed EC50 values below 1 µg mL−1, markedly outperforming both reference antioxidants. Quantum chemical calculations further supported these findings by elucidating the mechanisms underlying their antioxidant properties. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of hydroperoxyl (HOO˙) radical scavenging under simulation of aqueous conditions representative of a physiological environment demonstrated highly favorable reaction pathways, as well as significant metal-chelation capacity. Both feruloyl amino acids and their dipeptide derivatives showed high radical-scavenging activity in aqueous media, primarily via the single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism, with rate constants on the order of 106 to 107 M−1 s−1. In addition, these compounds demonstrated strong chelation ability toward Cu(ii) ions, predominantly through a bidentate coordination mode. These findings indicate that feruloyl amino acids and their dipeptide derivatives are potent antioxidants with potential therapeutic relevance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 Constantine 25017 Algeria",
    "Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw 50-556 Poland",
    "Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Nasr City-Cairo 11884 Egypt",
    "Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia",
    "Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508-000 SP Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Imene Amine Khodja"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maciej Spiegel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8012-1026"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdelaaty Hamed",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4119-7447"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Souhir Abid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Majdi Abid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sulaiman A. Alsalamah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Massuo J. Kato",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3315-2129"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Houssem Boulebd",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7727-8583"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayafh6e6yb0dx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra03650c",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659655/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "ayafh6e6yb0dx",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659655",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Free Radicals and Antioxidants"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221640702",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659655/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13659655",
  "pmid": "42871512",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayafh6e6yb0dx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13659655",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659655"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13659655",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra03650c"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Free Radicals and Antioxidants",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of feruloyl amino acids and dipeptide derivatives: an experimental and theoretical investigation",
  "title_text": "Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of feruloyl amino acids and dipeptide derivatives: an experimental and theoretical investigation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayafh6e6yb0dx",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}