{
  "abstract": "Rechargeable batteries predominantly rely on cation intercalation or metal conversion reactions, which often suffer from structural degradation, limited reversibility, and safety concerns. We report a symmetric halide-ion battery based on a bipolar redox metal-organic framework (MOF), in which energy storage is governed by reversible intraframework halogenation rather than metal--halide conversion chemistry. The bipolar redox chemistry of the μ 3 -oxo-bridged trinuclear copper centres in the MOF enables reversible halogenation and dehalogenation, allowing identical electrodes consisting of MOF microcrystals embedded within binder-free carbon nanotube (CNT) films to function as either cathode or anode depending on the halide species involved. Operando Raman spectroelectrochemistry reveals the underlying redox mechanism, while density-functional theory (DFT) suggests a thermodynamic preference for bromination over chlorination, rationalising the framework's dual functionality. In a symmetric configuration using a mixture of chloride- and bromide-based neat ionic liquids, the cell reaches a specific capacity of 68.7 mAh g -1 and an energy density of 35.4 Wh kg -1 under extended charging conditions. The cell operates for more than 200 charge--discharge cycles under repeated short-charge cycling. This non-flammable, moisture-resistant system composed entirely of earth-abundant elements highlights the potential of redox-active MOFs for alternative battery chemistries.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Vienna",
    "Heyrovsky Institute of the CAS"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Danial Kohminaei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shiraz Ahmed Siddiqui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Prado-Roller"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hidetsugu Shiozawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0603-2508"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayh7exd6974fr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9tf68/v2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ayh7exd6974fr",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9tf68/v2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced battery technologies research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212003326",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9tf68/v2",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayh7exd6974fr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9tf68",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9tf68/v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Bipolar Redox Metal-Organic Framework for Metal-Conversion-Free Symmetric Halide-Ion Batteries",
  "title_text": "A Bipolar Redox Metal-Organic Framework for Metal-Conversion-Free Symmetric Halide-Ion Batteries",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ayh7exd6974fr",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}