{
  "abstract": "IntroductionPeople with substance use disorder (SUD) continue to use despite mounting losses, which suggests that negative outcomes fail to shape later choices. Behavioral, cortical and autonomic indices of this failure are rarely measured together.MethodsForty-two adults with DSM-5 SUD and 42 matched healthy controls completed an immersive virtual reality Balloon Analogue Risk Task with hypothetical monetary rewards while 20-channel mobile electroencephalography and skin conductance were recorded simultaneously, alongside validated psychometric scales. The primary outcome was adjusted pumps. Secondary outcomes were pump latency, adjustment after balloon bursts, burst-locked feedback-related negativity (FRN), P3 and midfrontal theta, and anticipatory and burst-evoked skin conductance responses.ResultsThe SUD group made more adjusted pumps than controls (d = 0.51) and reduced its pumping less after a burst, whereas response latency did not differ significantly. After bursts, the FRN difference wave was smaller in the SUD group (η2p = 0.08); the P3 did not differ, and a small theta reduction did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Anticipatory skin conductance rose before high-risk decisions in controls but much less in the SUD group, while responses to the bursts themselves were comparable. Only anticipatory skin conductance was independently associated with risk-taking, with modest explained variance.DiscussionThe findings are consistent with selective differences in early feedback-related processing and anticipation of risk; larger studies are needed to test whether later outcome processing is preserved. Combining validated virtual reality, EEG and electrodermal tools in one paced task is feasible in clinical samples.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychology, Faculty of Administrative, Business and Social Sciences, İstanbul Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Türkiye",
    "Research Center for International and Global Higher Education, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan",
    "Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haliç University, İstanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Türkiye",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Metin Çınaroğlu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Metin Çınaroğlu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Eda Yılmazer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Selami Varol Ülker"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Gökben Hızlı Sayar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azhbew845zrpg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fnbeh.2026.2010716",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.2010716/full",
  "id": "azhbew845zrpg",
  "issns": [
    "1662-5153"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.2010716",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC321-571"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azhbew845zrpg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T14:21:33Z",
      "native_id": "0731b8ac7eef4219bef600cda55a0e48",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.2010716"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F28",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:RC321-571",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Electrophysiological and electrodermal correlates of risk-taking in substance use disorder during a virtual reality balloon analogue risk task",
  "title_text": "Electrophysiological and electrodermal correlates of risk-taking in substance use disorder during a virtual reality balloon analogue risk task",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T14:21:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azhbew845zrpg",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}