{
  "abstract": "Context. Accurate modeling of stellar spectra is essential for deriving the physical properties of stars. However, traditional model atmospheres often oversimplify key phenomena – such as deformations due to rotation or multiplicity – that break spherical symmetry. The Spectroscopic PAtch Model for Massive Stars ( SPAMMS ) addresses these limitations by explicitly accounting for surface distortions, resulting in more realistic spectra for deformed stars. Yet, SPAMMS has been limited by the spectral types covered by its model atmosphere grids.\n\nAims. We aim to extend the parameter space of the stellar atmosphere grids available to the SPAMMS framework. By expanding the coverage of effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities, we enable the synthesis of spectra across a broader range of spectral types.\n\nMethods. We computed specific intensities, I ( λ, µ ), for 101 emergent angles using PRISMAS (Pipeline of Radiative Intensity Synthesis for Meshed Atmospheric Surfaces). Built upon SYNPLE , PRISMAS employs precomputed local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE model atmospheres, including two ATLAS9-Kurucz grids and the TLUSTY-based OSTAR2002 and BSTAR2006 models.\n\nResults. The computed intensity grids span effective temperatures from 3500 to 55 000 K and surface gravities between 0.0 and 5.0 dex – covering the entire range of spectral types from O- to K-type stars. These grids also incorporate multiple metallicities (0−30 Z ⊙ ) and microturbulent velocities (1, 3, 5, 10km s ⁻¹ ), enabling detailed modeling of stars across diverse evolutionary stages. The spectral coverage extends from 3000 to 9000 Å, spanning both the ultraviolet and optical regimes with a sampling of ∆ λ = 0.01 A. As a proof of concept, we adopted the new intensity grids to model (i) a rapidly rotating B-type star, and (ii) an eclipsing Algol-type binary using SPAMMS .\n\nConclusions. The implementation of LTE-Kurucz and NLTE-TLUSTY model atmospheres significantly expands the parameter space accessible to SPAMMS . The code can now generate realistic synthetic spectra for a wide range of stellar types and geometries, including nonspherical and multiple systems. Therefore, by explicitly modeling three-dimensional surface effects, SPAMMS reproduces key observational signatures across a broad range of stellar masses and effective temperatures – from O- to K-type stars.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias",
    "Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna",
    "Institute of Astronomy",
    "Leuven Gravity Institute"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "D. Galán-Diéguez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6191-8251"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "M. Abdul-Masih",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6566-7568"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "C. Allende Prieto",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0084-572X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "S. R. Berlanas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2613-8564"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "A. Herrero",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8768-2179"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "H. Sana",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6656-4130"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aztzqx4z66nvc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202660234",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "aztzqx4z66nvc",
  "issns": [
    "0004-6361",
    "1432-0746"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202660234",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "EDP Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aztzqx4z66nvc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.1051/0004-6361/202660234",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202660234"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "SPAMMS: 3D spectroscopic modeling of stellar surfaces",
  "title_text": "SPAMMS: 3D spectroscopic modeling of stellar surfaces",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T00:21:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/aztzqx4z66nvc",
  "venue": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
  "versions": []
}