{
  "abstract": "The temperature of water is a crucial factor that affects rhabdovirus infections in fish. Numerous rhabdoviruses, known for their high infectivity at relative low water temperatures (below 20°C), have led to significant economic impacts on global aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature-dependent infectivity and pathogenicity remain unclear. Here, we employed spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), a rhabdovirus prevalent at low temperatures, as a model. We found that the low temperature markedly elevates levels of palmitic acid in zebrafish, which promotes the palmitoylation of the SVCV glycoprotein (G). This modification enhances stability and cell membrane localization of the G protein, thereby facilitating viral budding. Furthermore, we identified the acyltransferase ZDHHC15a, upregulated at low temperatures, as the mediator of this palmitoylation. A competitive peptide targeting the palmitoylation site of SVCV G exhibited potent antiviral activity. Notably, a similar mechanism was observed in other aquatic rhabdoviruses that are low-temperature susceptible. Overall, our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the temperature sensitivity of fish rhabdoviruses and hold broader significance for understanding the temperature adaptive evolution of other aquatic viruses. Author summary: Environmental temperature critically influences pathogen–host interactions, but the underlying molecular adaptations remain unclear. Using SVCV-infected zebrafish, we show that low temperature activates fatty acid synthesis, driving palmitoylation of the viral G protein via the transferase ZDHHC15a. This modification stabilizes G, enhances membrane localization, and promotes budding—a mechanism conserved in low temperature-adapted rhabdoviruses. A rationally designed peptide blocking this palmitoylation causes G degradation and suppresses replication. Our findings reveal fatty-acid-mediated palmitoylation as a temperature-sensitive switch for viral infectivity, offering evolutionary and therapeutic insights.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China",
    "Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China",
    "Department of Public Health Sciences, the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America",
    "National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chen Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yujun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yan Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yuanan Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Shengbo Cao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jing Ye"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xueqin Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azv8k61pz9ga2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654",
  "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654",
  "id": "azv8k61pz9ga2",
  "issns": [
    "1553-7374"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Aquaculture disease management and microbiota"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Lipids/Fatty acids"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Nucleic acids/RNA/Non-coding RNA/Small interfering RNA"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Post-translational modification/Palmitoylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Gene expression/Gene regulation/Small interfering RNA"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Transfection"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Trout"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Rhabdoviruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological parameters/Body temperature"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Trout"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Animal models/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Model organisms/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Model organisms/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Transfection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214670291",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azv8k61pz9ga2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1014654"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:gene expression",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:zoology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:physiology",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Palmitoylation of glycoproteins under low temperature enhances SVCV replication",
  "title_text": "Palmitoylation of glycoproteins under low temperature enhances SVCV replication",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/azv8k61pz9ga2",
  "venue": "PLOS Pathogens",
  "versions": []
}