{
  "abstract": "Small-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is constrained by transient devolatilization, non-uniform air–fuel mixing, localized hot spots, incomplete oxidation, and pollutant release. This study evaluates coupled negative-ion-conditioned combustion air and on-demand oxyhydrogen (HHO) enrichment in a two-chamber batch incinerator. Four modes were compared—Ion OFF, Ion ON, Ion OFF + HHO, and Ion ON + HHO—using a 2.0 kg MSW batch, approximately 30 mm particles, and 5.6 m³ h⁻¹ airflow. Distributed temperature measurements and time-resolved gas analysis assessed thermal behavior, carbon oxidation, hydrocarbons, nitrogen species, and sulfur emissions. Negative-ion activation produced smoother thermal histories, while HHO addition was associated with enhanced oxidation of CO and volatile intermediates. The combined mode provided the best integrated response. Total NO x decreased from 70.0 to 49.3 ppm, corresponding to 29.6%. Experimentally measured PM, VOC, HCl, and PCDD/F emissions decreased by 30.6%, 30.8%, 6.1%, and 28.6%, respectively, under Ion ON + HHO relative to Ion OFF. H/O/OH/HO₂ chemistry and electrohydrodynamic transport provide plausible mechanistic interpretations, but radicals, local charge fields, and ion-induced velocities were not measured directly. Overall, coupled ion/HHO assistance improved combustion stability and multi-pollutant performance within the investigated operating window. These findings support further optimization across airflow, HHO dosage, ion intensity, and reactor scale.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tamer M. Ismail"
    },
    {
      "name": "Safwat Gazal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emad Gamal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hussein Emad"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Abd El-Salam"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b20j9aknrm0nx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-71095-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b20j9aknrm0nx",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71095-z",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2311|Municipal Solid Waste Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7218873747",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71095-z.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-03",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b20j9aknrm0nx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-71095-z",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71095-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2311|Municipal Solid Waste Management",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Coupled negative-ion and HHO assistance stabilizes combustion and suppresses emissions in small-scale municipal solid waste incineration",
  "title_text": "Coupled negative-ion and HHO assistance stabilizes combustion and suppresses emissions in small-scale municipal solid waste incineration",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b20j9aknrm0nx",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}