{
  "abstract": "Large constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites provide ubiquitous global connectivity; yet, their rapid motion introduces significant Doppler shift effects. While challenging for communication, these effects can be leveraged for precise user terminal (UT) positioning, particularly in GNSS-denied environments where traditional satellite-based navigation struggles. Unlike GNSS, most LEO satellites lack dedicated navigation signals, motivating signals-of-opportunity (SOPs) approaches that repurpose existing LEO signals and use publicly available two-line element (TLE) files for orbital information, although ephemeris errors can limit accuracy. This article explores the fundamental principles, challenges, and enabling technologies for LEO-based Doppler shift positioning, highlighting its advantages over conventional non-Doppler methods, and discussing future research directions. Furthermore, to facilitate realistic and reproducible performance evaluation beyond stochastic modeling, we propose SionnaNTN-RT, a ray tracing framework for non-terrestrial network (NTN) built upon Sionna, enabling end-to-end simulation of Doppler-based positioning. Simulation results demonstrate that Doppler-based positioning can achieve high positioning accuracy in both urban and open-sky environments, highlighting its promise for next-generation positioning systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.03440",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Md. Ali Hasan"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Humayun Kabir"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sangmin Han"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wonjae Shin"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Vincent Poor"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b2e264ncnry3t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.03440",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b2e264ncnry3t",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03440",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.SY"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "eess.SY"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.03440",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b2e264ncnry3t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:14Z",
      "native_id": "2611.03440",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03440"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Beyond GNSS: Leveraging LEO Satellite Signals of Opportunity for Doppler Positioning",
  "title_text": "Beyond GNSS: Leveraging LEO Satellite Signals of Opportunity for Doppler Positioning",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T15:21:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b2e264ncnry3t",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}