{
  "abstract": "PurposeThis scoping review aimed to systematically map the experiences regarding structural barriers and facilitators to accessing habilitation or rehabilitation among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low- and middle-income countries; and investigate whether experiences vary by social factors.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review that included qualitative or mixed methods studies (qualitative component) exploring structural barriers or facilitators to accessing habilitation/rehabilitation among children with CP. Structural barriers and facilitators included socioeconomic and political contexts, governance, policies, and cultural/societal values. Paired reviewers screened citations retrieved from databases and charted data, and we conducted a descriptive synthesis.ResultsWe identified 34 relevant studies. Based on one study in a low-income country focused on home-based programs, barriers included restrictive home environments and lack of understanding of CP, while facilitators involved the use of locally available resources. For lower- and upper-middle income countries (33 studies), structural barriers and facilitators to access were related to finances; location, transportation, inaccessibility, and unavailability of services; system infrastructure; lack of knowledge; and perceptions concerning CP. We identified structural barriers as stigma concerning CP in lower-middle income countries, and disruptions during natural emergencies in upper-middle income countries.ConclusionsIn middle-income countries, children with CP face many structural factors to accessing habilitation or rehabilitation, which intersect with social factors. Research is needed for low-income countries.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.",
    "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.",
    "Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.",
    "Populations and Public Health Research Program, ICES Western, London, ON, Canada.",
    "Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Department of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Department of Gender Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.",
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.",
    "Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.",
    "Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.",
    "Research, Innovation and Knowledge Mobilization, Grandview Children's Centre, Ajax, ON, Canada.",
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.",
    "Faculty of Graduate Studies, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.",
    "Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Horacio Oduber Hospital, Oranjestad, Aruba.",
    "MGM Center of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, India.",
    "Physiocare, PPF Olorien Commercial Complex, Arusha, Tanzania.",
    "Library Services, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jessica J Wong",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5593-0238"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        4,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Pierre Côté"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Lauren Ead"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Simran Walia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Alanna Veitch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nora Bakaa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Ashiga Surendiran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Cullen Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jen Rinaldi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Taryn Eickmeier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Jamiu Busari",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8616-5564"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        18
      ],
      "name": "Rajani Mullerpatan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19
      ],
      "name": "Remla Shirima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "Kent Murnaghan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        7,
        21
      ],
      "name": "Heather M Shearer"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b33dv0ztjmfgt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1177/18758894261501058",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687472",
  "id": "b33dv0ztjmfgt",
  "issns": [
    "1874-5393",
    "1875-8894"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905617",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223093606",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687472?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687472",
  "pmid": "42905617",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b33dv0ztjmfgt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42905617",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905617"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "What are structural barriers and facilitators to accessing habilitation or rehabilitation among children with cerebral palsy in low- and middle-income countries? A scoping review.",
  "title_text": "What are structural barriers and facilitators to accessing habilitation or rehabilitation among children with cerebral palsy in low- and middle-income countries? A scoping review.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b33dv0ztjmfgt",
  "venue": "Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine",
  "versions": []
}