{
  "abstract": "Although Schwann cells (SCs) are increasingly recognised as active contributors to cancer progression, their cell-autonomous oncogenic mechanisms underlying vestibular schwannoma (VS) development remain poorly defined. Moreover, the roles of heterogeneity within the tumour microenvironment (TME) in VS pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we performed integrative multi-omic analyses of sporadic VSs and NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) VSs, using bulk RNA-sequencing, single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq), DNA methylation profiling, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiling analyses identified two distinct molecular subgroups, immune-enriched schwannoma (IES) and immune-depleted schwannoma (IDS), independent of syndromic status. We developed multigene and IHC-based classifiers that robustly distinguish the two molecular subgroups. Notably, we found significant differences in clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes across VS subgroups. Furthermore, snRNA-seq revealed cellular heterogeneity within the VS microenvironment, with phenotypic transitions in SCs and immune cells that closely recapitulated the sequential stages of nerve injury and repair. Collectively, our study reveals that SC plasticity and immune cell dynamics within the tumor microenvironment contribute to intertumoral heterogeneity in vestibular schwannomas, offering insights into the biological processes underlying tumor progression and nerve injury-repair programs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Innovation for Neuro-Oncology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, PR China.",
    "Department of Neuro-Oncology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian province, 350005, PR China.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361000, China.",
    "Beijing Engineering Research Center of Targeted Drugs and Cell Therapy for CNS Tumors, Beijing, 102600, P.R. China.",
    "Department of Research and Development, Santo Therapeutic co., Xiaoshan District, Hang Zhou, PR China.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.",
    "Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.",
    "Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian province, 350005, PR China. lyx99070@163.com.",
    "Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Innovation for Neuro-Oncology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, PR China. lzsjwk@163.com.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. lzsjwk@163.com.",
    "Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Innovation for Neuro-Oncology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, PR China. zhaofu@ccmu.edu.cn.",
    "Beijing Engineering Research Center of Targeted Drugs and Cell Therapy for CNS Tumors, Beijing, 102600, P.R. China. zhaofu@ccmu.edu.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Han-Guang Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiao-Ping Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jing Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Si-Kang Ren"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yu-Chao Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hui Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiang-Ming Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Xiao-Bin Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Lei-Ming Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yuan-Xiang Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Zhi Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Fu Zhao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5286-5650"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b36pd3yaya7pc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12974-026-03995-w",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721222",
  "id": "b36pd3yaya7pc",
  "issns": [
    "1742-2094"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958385",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172307511",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721222?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721222",
  "pmid": "42958385",
  "published": "2026-08-03",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b36pd3yaya7pc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958385",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958385"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721222",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03995-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Neurofibromatosis and Schwannoma Cases",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Divergent Schwann cell-immune cell trajectories across vestibular schwannoma subtypes mirror nerve injury-repair programs.",
  "title_text": "Divergent Schwann cell-immune cell trajectories across vestibular schwannoma subtypes mirror nerve injury-repair programs.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b36pd3yaya7pc",
  "venue": "Journal of neuroinflammation",
  "versions": []
}