{
  "abstract": "Fly ashes contain iron-bearing phases with diverse magnetic properties, and their rapid identification may support assessment of their potential for raw-material recovery. The aim of this study is to develop a non-destructive method for characterizing ashes produced from lignite and hard coal combustion. The novel approach integrates electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with magnetic susceptibility measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The investigations were carried out on ashes collected from storage silos and electrostatic precipitators located at power plants. Forster-type impedance characteristics enabled differentiation of the ashes both across a broad frequency range and at a single frequency of 131.8 kHz. The share of spinels among the magnetically ordered phases was very strongly correlated with the real component of impedance and magnetic susceptibility (rs = 0.964). The results indicate that impedance spectroscopy can be used for a rapid, non-destructive assessment of the proportion of ferrimagnetic phases and the ash suitability for beneficiation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Applied Geology, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation in Industry, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.",
    "Institute of Physics, Centre for Science and Education, Division of Applied Physics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.",
    "Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronic and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.",
    "Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zdzisław Adamczyk",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5925-4676"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Komorek",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9123-7799"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Barbara Solecka",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3243-288X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Grzegorz Tytko",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1525-783X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sylwia Dytłow",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6968-6491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrzej Nowrot"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4516-0182"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3f296th9j0ts.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ma19194232",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665898",
  "id": "b3f296th9j0ts",
  "issns": [
    "1996-1944"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882730",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1906|Coal and Its By-products"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220690377",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665898?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13665898",
  "pmid": "42882730",
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3f296th9j0ts.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42882730",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882730"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1906|Coal and Its By-products",
      "subfield": "geology-geochemistry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of Coal Fly Ash by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, Magnetic Susceptibility and Mössbauer Phase Composition.",
  "title_text": "Characterization of Coal Fly Ash by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, Magnetic Susceptibility and Mössbauer Phase Composition.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3f296th9j0ts",
  "venue": "Materials (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}