{
  "abstract": "The link between insulin resistance (IR) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in relation to HCV genotype-3 infection, is still poorly understood. In South Asian countries and among the peoples of the United States, this problem remains a major public health concern. According to previous studies, metabolic and viral interactomes have not been analyzed together, and hence this is a limitation of the study. This cross-sectional observational study involved 110 people, categorized into control (n=20), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (n=45), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=45) groups. Clinical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters-HOMA-IR and HbA1c-were measured. The appropriate statistical tests were used for group comparisons. We performed molecular docking to investigate the interaction between the HCV genotype-3 core protein and human IRS-1 using ClusPro. HCC was independently associated with stage III-V fibrosis (AOR: 24.18), elevated HOMA-IR >4, a key indicator of insulin resistance (AOR: 3.53), and AFP >10 ng/mL (AOR: 3.71). Moreover, HbA1c >7% greater GGT and low albumin level were significantly higher in HCC group (P<0.05). Obese patients had higher IR markers, but CHC-to-HCC progression depended more on combined fibrosis and metabolic dysregulation than obesity alone. Docking analysis, there was a strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between HCV core protein and IRS-1, with a binding energy of -1196.0 kcal/mol, indicating a strong and stable interaction between the two proteins. According to this study, it is possible that the presence of insulin resistance, advanced fibrosis, and viral persistence may interact biochemically and molecularly to contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma in cases of HCV genotype-3 infection.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biochemistry, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India",
    "Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India",
    "Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India",
    "Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, United Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Department of Biological Sciences, St John’s University, New York, United States of America",
    "Department of Biochemistry, Shaphena Women’s Dental College, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dr Tufael"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohd Hasan Mujahid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Most Farhana Akter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tahsin Salam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Md Abu Bakar Siddique"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kaniz Fatima Bari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Asim Debnath"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Nabil Deb Nath"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3keanxp5ebs0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358858",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b3keanxp5ebs0",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358858",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2721|Hepatitis C virus research"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Hormones/Insulin"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Fibrosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Hepacivirus/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Virology/Viral transmission and infection/Viral load"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Flaviviruses/Hepacivirus/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Hepacivirus/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Endocrine physiology/Insulin resistance"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological parameters/Body weight/Obesity"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Endocrinology/Diabetic endocrinology/Insulin"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Endocrinology/Endocrine physiology/Insulin resistance"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors/Cancer risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Gastroenterology and hepatology/Liver diseases/Hepatocellular carcinoma"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancer risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancers and neoplasms/Carcinoma/Hepatocellular carcinoma"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancers and neoplasms/Gastrointestinal tumors/Hepatocellular carcinoma"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Hepacivirus/Hepatitis C virus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Hepatitis viruses/Hepatitis C virus"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7214348396",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0358858&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3keanxp5ebs0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358858",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358858"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
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    {
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      "origin": "plos:oncology",
      "subfield": "oncology"
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      "origin": "plos:physiology",
      "subfield": "physiology"
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  "title": "The role of insulin resistance in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma with computational analysis of IRS-1 interaction with HCV genotype 3 core protein",
  "title_text": "The role of insulin resistance in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma with computational analysis of IRS-1 interaction with HCV genotype 3 core protein",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3keanxp5ebs0",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}