{
  "abstract": "Linear response theory is ubiquitous throughout physics and plays a central role in the theoretical description of warm dense matter—an extreme state that occurs within compact astrophysical objects and that is traversed on the compression path of a fuel capsule in inertial confinement fusion applications. Here we show how one can relate the static linear density response function to X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) measurements, which opens up new possibilities for the diagnostics of extreme states of matter, and for the rigorous assessment and verification of theoretical models and approximations. As a practical example, we consider an XRTS data set of warm dense beryllium taken at the National Ignition Facility [T. Döppner et al., Nature 618 , 270–275 (2023)]. The comparison with state-of-the-art ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations [T. Dornheim et al. Nature Commun. 16 , 5103 (2025)] gives us a best estimate of the mass density of ρ = 18 ± 6 g/cc, which is consistent with previous PIMC and density functional theory based studies, but rules out the original estimate of ρ = 34 ± 4 g/cc based on a Chihara model fit.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, D-02826, Germany",
    "Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), D-01328 Dresden, Germany",
    "Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, D-18057, Germany",
    "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), CA, 94550, USA",
    "Space and Plasma Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sebastian Schwalbe",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4561-0158"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hannah M. Bellenbaum",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-6530-1017"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "T. Döppner",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5703-7125"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Maximilian Böhme",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0290-3628"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Gawne",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9998-3606"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "D. Kraus",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6350-4180"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "M. J. MacDonald",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6295-6978"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhandos A. Moldabekov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9725-9208"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Panagiotis B. Tolias",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9632-8104"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jan Vorberger",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5926-9192"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tobias Dornheim",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7293-6615"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3n4nhb60wrvy.bib",
  "cited_by": 9,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.hedp.2026.101302",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b3n4nhb60wrvy",
  "issns": [
    "1574-1818",
    "1878-0563"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2026.101302",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W4415306561",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-28",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3n4nhb60wrvy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "W4415306561",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2026.101302"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3106|Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Static linear density response from X-ray Thomson scattering measurements: A case study of warm dense beryllium",
  "title_text": "Static linear density response from X-ray Thomson scattering measurements: A case study of warm dense beryllium",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T13:20:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b3n4nhb60wrvy",
  "venue": "High Energy Density Physics",
  "versions": []
}