{
  "abstract": "Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and ocular and systemic associations of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in Caucasians in a population-based setting.\n\nMethods: We included 1004 participants (aged 59.91 ± 9.39 years; 49.3% female) of the 10-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort Study in Mainz, Germany, with gradable optical coherence tomography angiography of the macula. The FAZ area of the total retina was measured manually. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of the FAZ area with ocular and systemic factors.\n\nResults: The mean FAZ area was 0.27 ± 0.12 mm2. It was associated with female sex (B-estimate 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.06; P < 0.001) and inversely with axial length (B-estimate −0.02; 95% CI, −0.03 to −0.01; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of the FAZ area confirmed the associations with sex and axial length. No association was found with age, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, chronic kidney disease, socioeconomic status, or best-corrected visual acuity.\n\nConclusions: The FAZ area was larger in females and in participants with a shorter axial length indicating that both ocular and anthropometric factors may influence FAZ size.\n\nTranslational Relevance: This study provides normative data of the foveal avascular zone area in an adult Caucasian population and describes the ocular and systemic associations that have to be taken into account when interpreting optical coherence tomography angiography data in Caucasians.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Vista Alpina Eye Clinic, Visp, Switzerland",
    "Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany",
    "Systems Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany",
    "Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany",
    "Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany",
    "Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany",
    "Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Saarland, Homburg, Germany"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anna Maria Welzel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Felix M. Wagner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katrin Lenz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Adrian Gericke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Achim Fieß"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Philipp S. Wild"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Karl J. Lackner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Manfred E. Beutel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Irene Schmidtmann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Münzel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Oliver Tüscher"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Jörn Schattenberg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Stavros Konstantinides"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Norbert Pfeiffer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alexander K. Schuster"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b49f8z4cpxqh8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1167/tvst.15.10.39",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722972/",
  "id": "b49f8z4cpxqh8",
  "issns": [
    "2164-2591"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.10.39",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Retina"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Retinal Diseases and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223679274",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13722972",
  "pmid": "42929705",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b49f8z4cpxqh8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722972",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.10.39"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2731|Retinal Diseases and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Foveal Avascular Zone and Its Associations – An Analysis Using OCTA: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study",
  "title_text": "Foveal Avascular Zone and Its Associations – An Analysis Using OCTA: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b49f8z4cpxqh8",
  "venue": "Translational Vision Science & Technology",
  "versions": []
}