{
  "abstract": "Background: Preclinical studies suggest perinatal antidepressant exposure may alter pubertal timing, but human evidence is lacking.\n\nObjective: To investigate whether maternal antidepressant exposure is associated with pubertal timing in human offspring.\n\nStudy design: We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study linked with the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, including 1396 singleton births to women with depression/anxiety before pregnancy. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify four antidepressant exposure trajectories: continuers (n = 49, 3.5%), early discontinuers (n = 140, 10.0%), late discontinuers (n = 51, 3.7%), and non-exposed (n = 1156, 82.8%). The Pubertal Development Scale with five items assessed at 14 years allowed us to classify the outcome variable as early, normal, and delayed puberty. Modified Poisson regression with generalized overlap weighting was used to estimate weighted risk ratios (wRR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI).\n\nResults: In total, delayed puberty occurred in 17 children (1.2%), mainly in males. Early puberty occurred in 631 (45.2%), more frequently among females. Compared with unexposed children, children born to continuers, early discontinuers, and late discontinuers had lower point estimates of risk of early puberty (wRR range 0.77–0.82). When early discontinuers were the comparator, estimates of early puberty risk were attenuated closer to the null (wRR range 1.00–1.07), with differences observed between males and females. Crude estimates, however, suggested higher risk of delayed puberty.\n\nConclusion: Children born to mothers who continued antidepressants or discontinued late in pregnancy did not have increased risk of early puberty, but the risk of delayed puberty might be higher.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Alessandro Riva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Olav Spigset"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hedvig Nordeng",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6361-2918"
    },
    {
      "name": "Per Magnus"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nhung T H Trinh"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4e9ws98aazwx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyag240",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13734381/",
  "id": "b4e9ws98aazwx",
  "issns": [
    "0300-5771",
    "1464-3685"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag240",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00860"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Pregnancy and Medication Impact"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225245112",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13734381",
  "pmid": "42981496",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4e9ws98aazwx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:56Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13734381",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag240"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Pregnancy and Medication Impact",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antidepressant use during pregnancy and puberty timing in the offspring: results from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study",
  "title_text": "Antidepressant use during pregnancy and puberty timing in the offspring: results from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4e9ws98aazwx",
  "venue": "International Journal of Epidemiology",
  "versions": []
}